Cost Classifications and Estimation 2.0 Introduction Cost classification may be defined as ‘the arrangement of cost items in a logical sequence having regard to their nature and purpose to be fulfilled’. The term cost must be qualified when in use in order that its precise meaning is established in a particular situation; however‚ cost refers to the amount of resources that have been diverted from other uses or sacrificed so as to achieve the desired objective. But the term is used to refer to
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Joint Stock Company Company A company is an artificial person created by law‚ having a separate legal entity‚ with a perpetual succession and a common seal. It is an association of individuals for the purpose of earning profit. It has a capital divided into a number of shares‚ of which each member possesses one or more shares and which are transferable by its owners. Joint Stock Company has been defined by many eminent authors‚ jurists and institutions. Some of these definitions are
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Capital budgeting Making decisions having significant future benefits or costs for various entities and their stakeholders. Capital budgeting is the backbone of financial economics. Related topics in financial economics include: the time value of money‚ the meaning of net-present value‚ accounting concepts consistent with present-value calculations‚ discount rates‚ and option valuation techniques. In the public sector‚ the term is often exclusively associated with infrastructure investments
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The stock market has the reputation of being a risky investment‚ it did not appear that way in the 1920s. With the mood of the country exuberant‚ the stock market seemed an infallible investment in the future. As more people invested in the stock market‚ stock prices began to rise. This was first noticeable in 1925. Stock prices then bobbed up and down throughout 1925 and 1926‚ followed by a strong upward trend in 1927. The strong bull market enticed even more people to invest ‚ And
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CHAPTER 18 INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL BUDGETING SUGGESTED ANSWERS AND SOLUTIONS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS QUESTIONS 1. Why is capital budgeting analysis so important to the firm? Answer: The fundamental goal of the financial manager is to maximize shareholder wealth. Capital investments with positive NPV or APV contribute to shareholder wealth. Additionally‚ capital investments generally represent large expenditures relative to the value of the entire firm. These investments
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goods. B) capital goods. C) tangible goods. D) depreciation goods. Answer: B 2) In the capital market‚ households ________ supply the financial resources to firms that allow them to purchase ________. A) indirectly; capital B) directly; capital C) indirectly; land D) indirectly; labor Answer: A 3) Firms that offer to pay for college tuition for their employees are investing in ________ capital. A) tangible B) productive
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China Textile in Global Value Chain Jean RUFFIER CNRS searcher‚ CEFC‚ Centre d’Etudes Français sur la Chine Contemporaine‚ Hongkong French chair of Centre franco-chinois de sociologie de recherche sur les organisations 中法组织研究中心‚ SUN Yatsen University‚ Guangzhouruffier@univ-lyon3.fr[->0] After being a worldwide threat‚ Chinese apparel industry is facing a double challenge: 1 - Either to remain a low cost base in the international value chain using low wage advantages with a double
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Goals and Purpose of a Firm Abstract This paper will give some insight of what the primary purpose or goal of a firm related to Milton Friedman. Profits‚ the surplus after the total costs are subtracted from revenues and of course after taxes are taking out will be the meaning. However‚ a firm and making a profit is not so cut and dry as you will see while ready my paper; society and the government has a hand in the firms staying in business so that the services
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Paramount Communications Inc. Question 1 Paramount is a takeover target because other firms see synergy value associated with combining Paramount’s assets and operations with their own. Specifically‚ Paramount has several assets that complement other media companies. Value in the media is generated through several different channels. As a media company‚ Paramount has a presence in most of the entertainment sectors (see Exhibit 2). There seems to be a drive toward consolidation and several industry
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Strategies Group January 2006 Corporate Capital Structure Authors Henri Servaes Professor of Finance London Business School The Theory and Practice of Corporate Capital Structure Peter Tufano Sylvan C. Coleman Professor of Financial Management Harvard Business School Editors James Ballingall Capital Structure and Risk Management Advisory Deutsche Bank +44 20 7547 6738 james.ballingall@db.com Adrian Crockett Head of Capital Structure and Risk Management Advisory‚ Europe
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