Matt Noah Summer Assignment AP Psychology 30 August 2017 Book Review Opening Skinner’s Box: Summary: This book consists of ten chapters each with its own short story‚ each of which containing an experiment. In the first chapter author Lauren Slater talks about the work done by psychologist B.F. Skinner‚ mainly about his experimentation and the controversy over his methods. He believed positive reinforcement worked better in establishing behavior than negative reinforcement. Chapter 2 talks about
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In the beginning of the chapter "Opening Skinner’s Box‚" Lauren Slater acknowledges B.F. Skinner’s remarkable ability to conduct experiements with animals‚ and had many great successes with them. However‚ Slater would remind us in her own opinion that he had used his baby daughter was an experiment too. Skinner’s plan with his daughter was to "shape" her behavior‚ as he demanded from the rest of his experimentations. Furthermore‚ Slater continuously questions Skinner’s motives for everything‚ from
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B.F. Skinner was an American behaviorist and psychologist. His major influence on psychology was the introduction of behaviorism. Behaviorism is the theory that behaviors and actions can be conditioned without any second thoughts. Behaviorist theories also believe that psychological disorders can be treated through the conditioning of appropriate behaviors. There are two kinds of conditioning‚ classical and operant conditioning. Classical conditioning is changing of a behavior through
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Skinner identified two types of reinforcing events; those in which a reward is given and those in which something aversive is removed. In either case‚ the point of reinforcement is to increase the frequency or probability of a response occurring again. (Slavin‚ 2006). It is extremely important to remember that both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are processes that strengthen a behaviour; that is‚ they both increase the probability that the behaviour will occur in the future. Positive
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Effective communication is vital for any organization’s effectiveness. This can be defined as the transference of ideas‚ thoughts‚ emotions‚ opinions‚ and facts of two or more individuals. Research has indicated poor communication is the most frequently cited source of interpersonal conflict. And individuals spend nearly seventy percent of their day communicating through writing‚ reading‚ speaking and listening. (Judge‚ 2007) Choosing the correct channel for communicating will depend on whether
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Burrhus Frederic Skinner the Theorist Behaviorism is the branch of psychology associated today with numerous psychologists but one of the most prominent behavioral psychologists of all time‚ B.F. Skinner really taught people that any behavior is usually immediately affected by its consequences. I having a young child I have seen Skinners theories work in many different facets during my short stint of being a parent. Skinner is a theorist who made his reputation by studying how an individual’s behavior
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There are three different types of reinforcement approaches to motivation. The reinforcement approaches are: Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Theory‚ Resource Allocation Theory‚ and Goal Orientation Perspectives. Each of these theories focuses on how a past behavior can have an effect on future behaviors or how behaviors are created by past experiences. These experiences try to evaluate why people remain motivated. Skinners Operant Conditioning Theory focuses on the thought that individual’s actions
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A Critically Reflective Response to Behaviour Management issues in Key Stage 2 I strongly feel as though I learnt a great deal from my observations during my Key Stage 2 placement. There are certain things which I wish to take forward into my own teaching practice. The experience certainly helped me to eradicate a feeling of cognitive dissonance. It was interesting observing a wide variety of classes throughout Key Stage 2 as it gave me an opportunity to observe a variety of different teaching
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The Skinner Model of Discipline Skinner’s Key Ideas 1. Behavior is shaped by its consequences‚ by what happens to the individual immediately afterward. 2. Systematic use of reinforcement (rewards) can shape students’ behavior in desired directions. 3. Behavior becomes weaker if not followed by reinforcement. 4. Behavior is also weakened by punishment. 5. In the early stages of learning‚ constant reinforcement produces the best result. 6. Once learning has reached the desired
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In 1898‚ Edward Thorndike accentuated the strengths and weaknesses of stimulus-response connections with the introduction of the theory of learning. The premise of Thorndike’s research implied that rewards and punishment have distinct yet an equal impact on human behaviors. However‚ one of the more well-known learning theorists in modern times is B.F. Skinner‚ who shares comparable behavioral observation as Thorndike‚ in that behaviors are learned as a consequence of actions. Further testing of
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