such as investors‚ employees‚ government‚ voluntary sector and market regulators‚ regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of organization’s policies‚ strategies and operations and compliance with the statutory obligations will be provided by the management. Due to the risk of uncertainties in the environments‚ stakeholders demand more from financial information to non-financial information. Not only the numerical information tell the conditions of an organization to the stakeholders‚ but transactions
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surface that capital markets do not always behave in accordance with the efficient market hypothesis‚ then should we reject the research that has embraced the EMH as a fundamental assumption? In this regard we can return to earlier chapters of this book in which we emphasised that theories are abstractions of reality. Capital markets are made of individuals and as such it would not (or perhaps‚ should not) be surprising to find that the market does not also act in the same predictable manner. Nevertheless
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IN THE SESSIONS COURT OF KUALA LUMPUR CASE NO. 62A-160-2007‚ 62A-159-2007‚ 62A-208-2007 & 62A-209-2007 PUBLIC PROSECUTOR V 1. TAN SIOK WAN 2. LEE SIN TECK 3. LIM KIM MING 4. LIM KIM HAI WRITTEN SUBMISSIONS OF THE PROSECUTION AT THE END OF PROSECUTION CASE May it please Your Honour‚ The Prosecution submits that it has respectively proven its case beyond reasonable doubt on the following charges and therefore prays that the defence be called on all the charges
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610/3 Finance and Accounting for Management Graduate School of Business Universiti Sains Malaysia COURSE GUIDE Lecturer: Semester: Associate Prof. Dr. Sofri Yahya; Dr Fathyah Hashim Semester 1‚ Academic Session 2012/2013 The information in this document is important and should be noted by all students undertaking the Master of Business Administration Degree Reviewed by: ………………………………………….. Date: 1 Approved by: ………………………………….. Date: AGW 610/3 Finance and Accounting for Management Course
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achieving future cash flows. Limitations * Companies omit items that cannot be measured reliably. * Income is affected by the accounting methods employed. * Income measurement involves judgment. Earnings Quality Companies have incentives to manage income to
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Form of income management that reflects economic results‚ not as they are‚ but rather as management wishes them to look. This results in lower earnings quality since net income does not representatively portray the economic performance of the business entity for the period. Income smoothing relies not on falsehoods and distortions but on the wide leeway existing in alternatively accepted accounting principles and their interpretations. It is conducted within the structure of gaap. In effect‚ it redistributes
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x≥0 Where x is the amount of the payoff The decision theory tells us that the act with the highest expected utility should be chosen. We denote the expected utility of act a1 (AB Ltd.) by EU(a1) and the expected utility of act a2 (XY Ltd.) by EU(a2). Thus‚ we get EU(a1) = 0.5 x √1089 + 0.5 x √0 = 16.5 EU(a2) = 0.5 x √324 + 0.5 x √196 = 16 ∴ Ajay should choose act a1 and invest in AB Ltd. since it has the higher utility b) To calculate prior state probabilities‚ we use Bayes’
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Faculty of Commerce Faculty of Commerce - Accounting & Finance Working Papers University of Wollongong Year The Critique of Accounting Theory M. Gaffikin University of Wollongong‚ gaffikin@uow.edu.au This working paper was originally published as Gaffikin‚ M‚ The Critique of Accounting Theory‚ Accounting & Finance Working Paper 06/25‚ School of Accounting & Finance‚ University of Wollongong‚ 2006. This paper is posted at Research Online. http://ro.uow.edu.au/accfinwp/41 06/25 University
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2 Islamic accounting can be defined as the “accounting process” which provides appropriates information (not necessarily limited to financial data) to stakeholders of entity which will enable them to ensure that the entity is continuously operating within Islamic Sharia’ ah while “conventional” accounting can be defined to be the identification‚ recording‚ classification‚ interpreting and communications economic events to permit users to make informed decisions. From this‚ it can be seen that
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LEARNING THEORY by Bob Boakes Psychology and You‚ pp.59-63‚ Hawker Brownlow Education‚ Melbourne Australia Learning is the process by which we gain knowledge about the world. It is not just something we try to switch on occasionally when‚ for example‚ we have an exam to study for or want to try a new game. It is a process that starts before we are born and continues to the moment we die. The kind of concentrated‚ deliberate process that we usually refer to as ‘learning’ in a school context is only
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