The Effects of Antibiotics on Bacterial Growth Biology II 1996 Bacteria are the most common and ancient microorganisms on earth. Most bacteria are microscopic‚ measuring 1 micron in length. However‚ colonies of bacteria grown in a laboratory petri dish can be seen with the unaided eye. There are many divisions and classifications of bacteria that assist in identifying them. The first two types of bacteria are archaebacteria and eubacteria. Both groups have common ancestors dating to more
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members of this kingdom. They have autotrophic (photosynthetic or chemosynthetic) or heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Bacteria can be classified into four categories based on their shapes. Spirillum – spiral-shaped Coccus – spherical-shaped Bacillus – rod-shaped Vibrium – comma-shaped 1. Archaebacteria It includes halophiles that are found in extreme salty areas; thermoacidophiles that are found in hot springs; and methanogens that are found in marshy areas. Methanogens are found in the
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Ch. 1 Prokaryotes = bacteria ‚ archaea Eukaryotes = Fungi‚ protozoa ‚ algae (Growth:: Mitosis有絲分裂) Bacterial cell → Bacillus(rodlike) ‚ cocus (spherical)‚ spiral (curved) *P.S. 有時會star-shaped or square → 出現既形式: pairs‚ chains‚ clusters cell walls of bacteria → peptidoglycan (carbohydrate & protein complex) cell walls of plant and algal cell → cellulose Growth::Binary fission = bacteria reproduce by dividing into two equal cells bacteria 吸收nutrients from dead / living organisms/ photosynthesis
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Chapter 1 The Problem Introduction Today’s technological innovation and medical advances gave birth to formulation of synthetic drugs used to treat respiratory infections‚ urinary tract infections‚ diarrhea‚ arthritis and other diseases. These pharmaceuticals are costly and to a point‚ inaccessible to many Filipinos. These may also pose adverse effects like nausea‚ dyspnea‚ and diarrhea. Researchers are challenged to produce natural medicines‚ which could be lower in cost and more synergistic
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Antibiotics are substances produced by microorganisms that kill or inhibit other microbes. They are used in the treatment of infectious disease. Antibiotics are produced in nature by molds such as Penicillium and bacteria such as Streptomyces and Bacillus. + Vaccines are substances derived from microorganisms and are used to immunize against disease. The microbes that are the cause of infectious disease are usually the ultimate source of vaccines. + Biotechnology Microbiology makes a significant
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URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS OUTLINE · Background information · What are the causes of UTI? · Who is at risk? 1. Recurrent Infections 2. Infections in pregnancy · What are the symptoms of UTI? · How is UTI diagnosed? · How is UTI treated? 1. Recurrent Infections in women 2. Infections in pregnancy 3. Complicated Infections · Is there a vaccine to prevent recurrent UTIs? Background Information
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Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Polyhydroxyalkanoates: bioplastics with a green agenda Tajalli Keshavarz and Ipsita Roy Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) has been investigated for more than eighty years but recently a number of factors including increase in the price of crude oil and public awareness of the environmental issues have become a notable driving force for extended research on biopolymers. The versatility of PHAs has made them good candidates for the study
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BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Biological hazard are acquired from disease causing microorganism and the poisonous toxins they may produce. Biological hazard are far the most dangerous foodborne hazard in the food service and food retail businesses. These includes harmful microorganism seen only in the microscope 1. BACTERIA 2.VIRUSES 3. PARASITES 4. MOLDS 5. YEAST Other living organism are: • Insects: RODENTS FARM ANIMAL DOMESTIC PETS BIRDS FISH PLANTS TRANSMIT DISEASE TO HUMAN BEING
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Antimicrobial activity was performed on various fractionated extracts against five pathogenic microorganisms (Bacillus subtilis‚ Staphylococcus aureus‚ klebsiella species‚ Escherichia coli and Salmonela paratyphi). The zone of inhibitions shown by Acetone soluble (PPAs) and acetone insoluble (PPAins) extract when compared to that of standard antibiotic (streptomycin)‚ in which gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) were found effective in ubiquitos of samples (10%PPAs and 15%PPAins)
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plants have been investigated by a number of researcher worldwide‚ especially in Latin America. It was proven that from 122 known plant tested‚ a vast number of plant shown antimicrobial properties to some bacteria such as Staphylococus aureus and Escherichia coli(2). It is estimated that today‚ plant materials are present in‚ or have provided the models for 50% Western drugs (Robbers 1996). Many commercially proven drugs used in modern medicine were
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