It is ironic that one of the biggest discoveries in the scientific world was found on a microscopic scale: sticky ends. When Ronald W. Davis‚ a professor in chemistry at Stanford University‚ was utilizing the EcoRI restriction endonuclease to cleave DNA‚ he noticed that the outcome was two single-stranded ends of DNA that had nucleotide base sequences complementary to each other. This was a result of the restriction enzyme creating overhang regions in the DNA strands which allowed for the sticky
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The Black Plague One of the most devastating pandemics in human history was The Black Death. It killed over 200 million people during the seven years from 1346 to 1353. People think that The Black Death originated from Central Asia and traveled with fleas and rodents on The Silk Road. The Black Death actually arrived in ships with sailors that were sick‚ had fever‚ unable to keep food down and had really bad pain but the scariest of them all was their body were covered with mysterious black boils
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amylase activity and the starch. This is experiment displayed how efficiently temperature affected the shape of the enzyme‚ thus affecting the enzyme activity so It could function properly. Methods: Aspergillus oryzae known as fungal amylase and Bacillus licheniform also known as bacterial amylase were the two enzymes that were used to examine the different temperatures in order to find the optimal temperature to break down the starch. During the preparation of the two spot plates with the temperatures
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respondents were 28% male and 72% were female‚ 48% of them had primary school education while 42% were illiterates. The most prevalent isolated bacteria from cooked meals‚ bottled drink and fresh juice were; Escherichia coli‚ Staphylococcus auerus and Bacillus sp. The viable bacterial counts were 4.6 CFU/ml‚ 3.7 CFU/ml and 4.1 CFU/ml for cooked meals‚ bottled drink and juice‚ respectively. Key words: Street‚ food‚ vendors. INTRODUCTION The term "street food" refers to a wide variety of ready-toeat foods
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3. Result and discussion 2.1 Physicochemical properties The formations of BPM I-III were confirmed by FT-IR‚ powder XRD and SEM studies. 2.1.1 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR spectra of BPM I-BPM III (Fig. 1a-1c) exhibited characteristic absorption bands of CTS ranges from 1637-1639 cm−1 which are attributed to amide I bands (C=O stretching mode along with an N–H deformation mode). Broad bands from 1130-978 cm−1‚ 1131-975 cm−1 and 1131-971 cm−1 were observed for phosphate stretching
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conditions (Chang et al.‚ 2004).The data suggest that in static condition is more appropriate for the decolourization of the dye by the bacterium. Similar results were reported by bacterial strains are Shewanella putrefaciens AS96‚ Comamonas sp.UVS‚ Bacillus subtilis‚ Vibrio harveyi TEMS1 and Pseudomonas sp. SUK1. All these strains have shown promising results for dye degradation under static conditions (Khalid et al.‚ 2008; Jadhav et al.‚ 2008; Gurulakshmi et al.‚ 2008; Ozdemir et al.‚ 2008; Kalyani
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bacteria and Archaea and eukarya are types of eukaryotes. * Archaea are more closely related to eukaryotes. * Prokaryotes have a membrane and nucleoid and most have a cell wall. * There are 3 main types of shapes of prokaryotes: * Bacillus – rod shapes * Spirilum – spiral shaped * Coccus – spherical * If they cells are a similar shape‚ that means they are adapted to live in a similar environment‚ and not necessarily closely related. * P are smaller and do not
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Teixobactin was also very active against Clostridium difficile and Bacillus anthracis‚ while also showing stronger bactericidal activity against S. aureus than the antibiotic vancomycin did. This indicated that teixobactin is a very strong antibiotic. On the other hand‚ most Gram-negative bacteria were not affected by teixobactin
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The Impact of Microorganisms on Human Affairs What is microbiology? Microbiology is the study of microorganisms or microbes. The word micro means small in Greek‚ implying that microbes are very minute or small life forms that cannot be seen with just the naked eye. One would need a microscope to see these small life forms. Microbes are everywhere and have a large impact on the world. It all started when one of the most important discoveries in history was made in 1665. Englishman‚ Robert Hooke
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Hydrolysis of starch for fungal amylase Aspergillus Oryzae and bacterial amylase Bacillus Licheniformis at different temperatures. Maydelis Perez PI 4593042 Florida International University BSC 1010L‚ section UO9‚ March 6‚ 2013 Abstract Enzymes are very specific protein because they contain one active site on their surface that enable the substrate to bind to the enzyme and form the enzyme substrate complex and then release
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