polysaccharides with polypeptide cross links with a chemical called peptidoglycan. • They lack enclosed sub-cellular organelles like mitochondria and only have ribosomes. • The genetic material DNA is contained in the cytoplasm called nucleoid. • Many bacterial species contain rings of DNA called plasmids. • The cytoplasm is enclosed by plasma membrane that lies beneath the cell wall. • The plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins. • Some Monera have hair like pilli for adhesion or tail-like
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antibiotics‚ bacterial infections and epidemics‚ which had always been the greatest scourge of human civilization‚ have today been reduced to a far less common cause of human mortality and morbidity. Antibiotics : an overviewAntibiotics are substances‚ which in very small quantities‚ can kill bacteria without damaging human cells. They do not affect virus or fungus and are usually not effective against other parasites like those causing Malaria and Amoebiosis. Thus their use is limited to bacterial infections
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Bacterial Morphology Demonica Britt Microbiology DL1 March 23‚ 2013 Abstract This lab was performed to identify and familiarize with a microscope while precisely observing various bacterial shapes and their arrangements in different types of specimens of bacteria. The microscope parts and capabilities were clearly identified and used successfully and the bacteria were clearly illustrated showing the bacterial shapes and arrangements with all the appropriate magnification being utilized. Through
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KNOW: Element Diffusion Homozygous Lytic Cycle Compound Isotonic Heterozygous Lysogenic Cycle Neutrons Hypertonic Phenotype Transformation Protons Hypotonic Genotype Transduction Electrons Osmosis Codominance Conjugation Atomic Number Turgid Wild type Plasmid Mass Number Flaccid Mutant Evolution Isotope Endocytosis Sex-linked Taxonomy Covalent Bond Exocytosis Nondisjunction Gradualism Ionic Bond Phagocytosis Trisomy Homologous
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| nucleotides | DNA: nucleoid (chromosome)‚ plasmids rRNA: ribosomes; mRNA‚ tRNA: cytoplasm | Table 2. Summary of characteristics of typical bacterial cell structures Structure Flagella | Function(s)Swimming movement | Predominant chemical compositionProtein | Pili | Sex pilus | Stabilizes mating bacteria during DNA transfer by conjugation | Protein | Common pili or fimbriae | Attachment to surfaces; protection against phagotrophic engulfment | Protein | Capsules (includes "slime
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passes from bacterium to another. “It is the acting of altering a genetic cell resulting from putting together exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s)‚”(Wikipedia‚ 2017‚ p.1). Conjugation: This is the transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact. Transduction: It the injection of foreign DNA by a virus that specifically infests bacteria‚ in this case host bacterium Question 2. Choose a disease or an organism that has
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BIO 113 Spring 2012 - Dr. MJ Bernot Study Guide – Exam 2 Chapter 7- IS AT THE BOTTOM. Bernot wrote it so hopefully it is useful • Describe the structure of DNA and discuss how it facilitates the ability of DNA to act as genetic material • Compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes • Describe the process of DNA replication as a semi-conservative process. Compare and contrast the synthesis of the leading and lagging strands in DNA replication. • Explain
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BIOL1102 2008 PRACTICE QUESTIONS FOR THE MID-TERM EXAM Practice Questions from week 2 lectures 1. The presence of cholesterol in the plasma membrane of some animals: a) Enables the membrane to stay fluid more easily when cell temperature drops b) Enables the animal to remove hydrogen atoms from saturated phospholipids c) Enables the animal to add hydrogen atoms to unsaturated phospholipids d) Makes the membrane less flexible‚ allowing it to sustain greater
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vector and the resulting DNA (Recombinant DNA) can be amplified in suitable host. 2. A vector can be a plasmid‚ cosmid‚bacterophage‚retroviruses‚ animal and plant viruses or artificial chromosomes like YAC‚ BAC‚or HAC.(Yeast artificial chromosome‚ bacterial........) 3. The rec. DNA produced can be amplified or cloned in a suitable vector like bacteria for plamids‚ cosmids or bacterophages‚ plant and animal cells for viruses . Involves five steps: 1. Enzyme restriction digest of DNA sample. 2.
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can be used to observe the active Streptobacillus bacteria in yogurt. Purpose: The purpose of this lab was to display knowledge of the use of a compound microscope with and without an oil immersion lens while observing and identifying various bacterial shapes and arrangements‚ including a self prepared yogurt culture. Procedure: Exercise 1: Viewing Prepared Slides 1. After setting up and cleaning all lenses‚ place the prepared e slide properly on the stage. 2. View the slide under
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