The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes that occurred in the period from about 1760 to some time between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines‚ new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes‚ improved efficiency of water power‚ the increasing use of steam power and development of machine tools. The transition also included the change from wood and other bio-fuels to coal. The Industrial Revolution began
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Hydrolysis of starch for fungal amylase Aspergillus Oryzae and bacterial amylase Bacillus Licheniformis at different temperatures. Maydelis Perez PI 4593042 Florida International University BSC 1010L‚ section UO9‚ March 6‚ 2013 Abstract Enzymes are very specific protein because they contain one active site on their surface that enable the substrate to bind to the enzyme and form the enzyme substrate complex and then release
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Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs); which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls‚ thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases) while cell wall assembly is arrested.Gentamicin is ineffective against anaerobic bacteria because its transport across bacterial cell membranes
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few micrometres in length‚ bacteria have a wide range of shapes‚ ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes‚ called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. Intracellular structures: The bacterial cell is surrounded by a lipid membrane‚ or cell membrane‚ which encloses the contents of the cell and acts as a barrier to hold nutrients‚ proteins and other essential
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J. Ara b Neonatal Forum 2005; 2: 1-4 Drug Metabolism in the Neonate Imti Choonara Academic Division of Child Health‚ University of Nottingham‚ Clinical Sciences Wing The Medical School‚ Derbyshire Children ’s Hospital‚ UK _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Abstract The newborn infant has a reduced capacity for drug metab olism in comp arison with infants and children. This is more marked in the preterm neonate. Altered drug metabolism
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The characterisation of the bacterial flora of raw frozen cultured seafood was performed to determine a naturally occurring bacterial indicator of antimicrobial resistance in seafood (Paper I). Fresh seafood is processed to produce retailed raw frozen cultured seafood for consumers. The extent to which the microflora of raw frozen cultured seafood differ from the microflora of harvested seafood is not clear. However‚ different bacterial species have been isolated from fish-processing environments
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Benzene is a special case of conjugation that leads to an especially stable bonding arrangement. The benzene ring consists of six sp2 hybridized carbon atoms in a regular hexagon. Each carbon forms two σ-bonds with adjacent carbons‚ and a third σ-bond with a hydrogen atom. The 2p orbital on each atom is available for π-bonding. Interaction between the p orbitals on the six carbon atoms forms a conjugated system of π-electrons. Molecules with this bonding arrangement are called aromatic molecules
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Jaundice (also known as icterus;[1] from the Greek word ίκτερος‚ attributive adjective: icteric) is a yellowish pigmentation of the skin‚ the conjunctival membranes over the sclerae (whites of the eyes)‚ and other mucous membranes caused by hyperbilirubinemia (increased levels of bilirubin in the blood).[2] This hyperbilirubinemia subsequently causes increased levels of bilirubin in the extracellular fluid. Concentration of bilirubin in blood plasma is normally below 1.2 mg/dL (50µmol/L) leads to
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Plasmids can be removed from the host cell in the process of curing. Curing may occur spontaneously or may be induced by treatments such as ultraviolet light. Certain plasmids‚ called episomes‚ may be integrated into the bacterial chromosome. Others contain genes for certain types of pili and are able to transfer copies of themselves to other bacteria. Such plasmids are referred to as conjugative plasmids. 5. Plasmids usually contain non-essential
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erosion‚ or open sore in the outer layer of the cornea‚ the transparent area at the front of the eyeball" (Medlineplus). Corneal Ulcer has many different names‚ depending on the microorganism that causes the ulcer. Some of the major diseases include Bacterial Keratitis‚ Fungal Keratitis‚ Acanthamoeba Keratitis‚ and Herpes Simplex Keratitis. Bacteria‚ fungi‚ amoebae‚ and viruses are the prime cause for these diseases. These microorganisms settle in the cornea‚ grow‚ and feed on the cornea. This process
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