Study of Bacterial Growth and Resistance Level to Certain Antibiotics INTRODUCTION Escherichia coli—better known as E. coli—is a gram negative‚ rod shaped bacteria. It is relatively harmless‚ but can occasionally cause food poisoning. It can also provide Vitamin K2. It prevents the establishment of pathogenic bacteria‚ and is associated with or found in the intestinal organ. The antibiotic that E. coli is resistant to is Penicillin. Bacillus subtilis—better known as B. subtilis—is known as
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BACTERIAL TRANSFORMATIONS USING PVIB II. INTRODUCTION Transformation is the manipulation of a bacterial cell’s DNA in order to alter the cell’s genotype or phenotype by absorbing free DNA from its surroundings. In this lab‚ pVIB plasmid will be used. A plasmid is a segment of DNA that can incorporate itself into the bacterial DNA. Although is not required for growth of the bacterial cell‚ plasmids can provide advantages in stressful environments such as the ability to adapt as environmental
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Many of the bacteria that cause common bacterial infection are mutating and therefore gaining resistance. This means that the original antibiotics that were once used to treat these common illnesses are becoming increasing ineffective. This resistance delays treatment as the original antibiotics are ineffective. This can lead to the disease worsening and even death. This means that common illnesses that were once easily treated by antibiotics are no longer so easy to treat. This results in increased
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inhibits the enzyme peptidyl transferase. This inhibition results to the prevention of the transfer of amino acid for growing peptide chains which leads to the inhibition of the formation of bacterial protein. (Michigan State University‚ 2011). Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. (Hitner et al.‚ 2016). Bacterial microorganisms become resistant by the inactivation of chloramphenicol through the enzyme acetyltransferases. (Rang et al.‚ 2016). Chloramphenicol resistance are very common in Staphylococcus
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Consumer Medicine Information Clomazol vaginal cream‚ 3 Day Treatment Clotrimazole vaginal cream 20 mg/g (2%) What is in this leaflet This leaflet answers some common questions about Clomazol vaginal cream. It does not contain all the available information. It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist. All medicines have risks and benefits. Your pharmacist has weighed the risks of you using Clomazol vaginal cream against the benefits they expect it will have for you. If
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Cause Bacterial meningitis can become serious even causing death in as little as a couple of hours. Those who are affected by this disease can recover for it. However‚ those who are unfortunate may have permanent disabilities including: hearing loss‚ brain damage‚ learning disabilities‚ etc. caused by the infection. There are a number of bacteria’s that result in meningitis such as: streptococcus pneumoniae‚ group B streptococcus‚ Neisseria meningitides‚ Haemophilus influenza‚ and listeria monocytogenes
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The mTOR Pathway Introduction The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway integrates both intracellular and extracellular signals and serves as a central regulator of cell metabolism‚ growth‚ proliferation and survival. Discoveries that have been made over the last decade show that the mTOR pathway is activated during various cellular processes (e.g. tumor formation‚ insulin resistance‚ adipogenesis and T-lymphocyte activation) and is deregulated in human diseases such as cancer
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death rate of the bacteria; Death Phase- All the nutrients have been consumed and the waste is turning toxic‚ the bacteria begin to die. By observing these phases‚ scientists are able to construct a graph that illustrates these phases‚ called a bacterial growth curve. Scientists are
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Diarrhea vs. Thrush You know that feeling where you need to use the toilet so bad and you rush to the bathroom and don’t know if you’re going to make it? That feeling is diarrhea. Diarrhea describes loose‚ watery feces. It is a common condition that isn’t usually serious. It lasts about two to three days in most cases and can be treated with over the counter medication. The most common cause of diarrhea is stomach or intestinal flu. If the digestive tract recognizes a substance ingested to be
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Optimal Growth Conditions and Generation Time for E. coli Introduction The goals of these exercises were to determine the optimal growing condition and the generation time of E. coli. Materials and Methods Please refer to the lab manual for a complete list of materials. To determine the optimal growth condition for E. coli‚ we had to test the environmental factors that could affect the growth. We tested the relative growth of E. coli in the presence and in the absence of oxygen. The results
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