friends‚ family‚ or even a random stranger you see walking down the street. Bacteria have the ability to do this. Through the processes of transformation‚ transduction‚ and conjugation bacteria are able to exchange DNA and as a result increasing genetic variety. “In transformation‚ the recipient bacterium takes up extracellular donor DNA. In transduction‚ donor DNA packaged in a bacteriophage infects the recipient bacterium. In conjugation‚ the donor bacterium transfers DNA to the recipient by mating.”
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calculate the frequency of transformation. In the second part of the lab‚ lateral gene transfer by generalized transduction was done on E.coli cells. In the process of transduction‚ the transfer of genes is facilitated by bacteriophage‚ which is a virus that infects a bacterial host (1). Generalized transduction involves lytic infections that kill the bacterial cells‚ and during the process‚ bacterial DNA is packaged into a new phage head which in turn injects the DNA into another bacterium (1). In this
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ROLE OF BACTERIOPHAGES IN GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INTRODUCTION AND DISCOVERY: A bacteriophage is any one of a number of viruses that infect bacteria. Bacteriophages are among the most common biological entities on Earth. The term is commonly used in its shortened form‚ phage.Typically; bacteriophages consist of an outer protein capsid‚ enclosing genetic material. The genetic material can be ssRNA‚ dsRNA‚ ssDNA‚ or dsDNA along with either circular or linear arrangement. Bacteriophages are
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via a genetic mechanism call transduction. Describe how a bacterium can acquire new genes by transduction. (2) With transduction the transfer of DNA between organisms involves mediation of viruses called bacteriophages or phages. A phage infected a susceptible bacterium and during its process of replication and assembly a phage incorporates a segment of bacterial DNA. The bacterium will lyses and releases the mature phages. One of the phages has the incorporated bacterial DNA‚ that one are called defective
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B.Bacteria C.Eubacteria Correct D.Eukarya Answer Key: D Question 2 of 12 2.0/ 2.0 Points The shape of a bacterial cell is determined (and maintained) by the A.cell membrane Correct B.cell wall C.capsule D.slime layer Answer Key: B Question 3 of 12 2.0/ 2.0 Points The most important component of bacterial cell walls is A.teicoic acid B.lipotechoic acid Correct C.peptidoglycan D.glutamic acid Answer Key: C Question
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* In addition to many layers of peptidoglycan‚ the cell wall of Gram-positive bacterials cells also contain: * Teichoic acid * There are two forms * Wall teichoic acids – go part way through the wall. * Lipoteichoic acids – go completely through the wall and link to the plasma membrane * Both forms protrude above the wall‚ which gives the bacterial cell a negative charge * M protein * This is a virulence
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UNIT 9: VIRUSES‚ VIROIDS‚ & PRIONS Lesson 1 – Characteristics of Viruses Depending on their characteristics‚ viruses may or may not kill the host cell. Viruses are too small to be seen with a light microscope and cannot be cultured outside their hosts. Viruses and Bacteria Compared. | Bacteria | Viruses | | Typical Bacteria | Rickettsias/Chlamydias | | Intracellular Parasite | No | Yes | Yes | Plasma Membrane | Yes | Yes | No | Binary Fission | Yes | Yes | No | Pass through
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progeny phage will have either a labeled DNA core or a labeled protein coat. By tracing the radioisotopes‚ Henry ands chase were able to demonstrate that most of the P- labeled DNA was transferred into the bacterial cell following adsorption‚ and the S labeled protein cells remained outside the bacterial cell and was recovered in the phage goats after the blender treatment. Hershey and Chase ‚ along with others who had done related experiments‚ confirmed that DNA was a biomolecule that carried genetic
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Importance as human pathogens or not 5.) Name the domains of life. Archaea Bacteria Eukarya 6.) Name and describe 3 basic forms of prokaryotes. Bacillus (rod-shaped) Coccus (spherical/ovoid-shaped) Spirillum (long and helical-shaped) 7.) The bacterial cell wall is the single most important contributor to cell shape. 8.) Prokaryotic cell walls are constructed of many layers‚ which is formed from peptidoglycan polymers cross-linked by peptide side chains. 9.) Describe a Gram Stain. Staining
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interact with each other through receptor-ligand or receptor-receptor interactions. To be specific‚ through the receptor-ligand interaction‚ Cell A deliver signals to Cell B by triggering the signal transduction pathways in Cell B which mediated by small molecules or proteins. The signal transduction pathways including the intracellular phosphorylation‚ which can activate the cell signaling. 2) Why were public health officials concerned in Minneapolis about an Ebola epidemic in Liberia? What was
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