Finally‚ another explanation for why Sufism spread so widely in the Mamlūk period‚ is the consolidation of an institutionalised identity from the Sufi brotherhoods‚ most conspicuously the Shādhilīya order. Hoffer argues that the creation of an institutionalised Shādhilī identity was just as one of the many outcomes of the institutionalisation of Sufi philosophy and religious practice. It was these institutionalised creeds and religious activities which gave a sense of allurement to charismatic individuals
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Azerbaijan in the first half of XVIII century. Expansion policy of Peter the I; the dynasty of Nadir shah. Safavid state was in great political and economic rests in the first half of XVIII century. The treasure of the state was so empty that‚ sultan Hussein (1694-1722) ordered to smelt items of Ardabil vaunt‚ which possessed to his ancessors. Feudals and governors used from the weakness of the state and tried to create independent regions as well. The circumstances of ordinary people was much
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War is hell‚ but that’s not the half of it‚ because war is also mystery and terror and adventure and courage and discovery and holiness and pity and despair and longing and love. War is nasty; war is fun. War is thrilling; war is drudgery. War makes you a man; war makes you dead.” (Tim O’Brien‚ The Things They Carried) Ah‚ war stories . . . tales of heroism‚ bravery‚ and friendship forged in the heat of combat; a sweet homecoming won by a hair’s breath; and an uplifting moral. If these are the ingredients
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After reading and thoroughly analyzing both sides of the Taking Sides Issue‚ “Does the Modern University have Islamic Roots in the Islamic World?” I agree with the professor of history and philosophy of education Medhi Nakosteen; he touches the roots of the modern university to the Golden Age of Islamic Culture (750-1150 C.E). Medhi also states that Muslim scholars adapted the best of traditional scholarship and established both the experimental method and the university system‚ which they handed
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were‚ Lynndie England and Charles Graner who was Lynndie’s lover “Some residents said Pte England was a model soldier who only did what she was told and must have been acting on commands from above.” This was said in a report from the BBC on the Baghdad prison‚ this shows that the soldiers
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The start of Islam is marked in the year 610‚ following the first revelation to the prophet Muhammad at the age of 40. Muhammad and his followers spread the teachings of Islam throughout the Arabian peninsula. Soon after the death of the prophet Muhammad‚ there were military expeditions‚ called "futuhat‚" or literally "openings‚" into what is now Egypt and other parts of North Africa. In other parts of the world‚ Islam spread through trade and commerce. The following is a brief timeline that highlights
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The Role of OPEC The Organization of the Petroleum Producing Countries (OPEC) is an intergovernmental organisation (Mouawad 2010). It was created on September 14 1960 in Baghdad‚ Iraq. It has twelve members. The main objective for this organisation is to unify and coordinate petroleum policies among the member countries. As Mills (2008) explains‚ OPEC has other various roles that it ranging from technology‚ price control‚ economic growth and empowerment‚ ensuring stability in oil revenue for its
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Emeritus professor of sociology Walter Rüegg calls the university “the European institution par excellence‚” citing its origin as a community of teachers and taught‚ accorded certain rights that include the granting of degrees‚ and as a creation of medieval Europe – the Europe of papal Christianity. I agree with Walter Rüegg that the modern university has its roots in Europe because he shows what these universities had and how we know their exact year of opening. In his argument‚ Walter Rüegg describes
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including great mosques and major road construction. The Abbasid Dynasties used many different methods of expansion. After Abu Al-Abbas took over rule with the help of Abu Muslim by defeating the Umayyad army in 750CE the Abbasid moved the capital to Baghdad. This move helped the city grow to be 25 square miles with a population of somewhere between 300 and 500 thousand. The Abbasid people developed a bureaucratic government with paid officials‚ an imperial army and senior bureaucrats loyal to the ruler
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The Mongols accomplished the conquest of such a large territory within such a short period of time by having amazing methods of war‚ how quickly they conquered other empires‚ and their advanced technology. How they quickly conquered other empires‚ large and small‚ is shown in documents 1 and 2 as they were written about which tribes/empires they conquered and document 7 speaks of what made Genghis Khan and his army mad. Their efficient methods of warfare were shown in document 4‚ which is about how
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