ECONM2035: Asset Pricing Evarist Stoja (2B7‚ x10603) e.stoja@bristol.ac.uk Outline: This course runs over the autumn term and aims to provide a thorough grounding in the pricing of financial securities. The lectures start with some quantitative review material before moving on to bond pricing. Equity markets and determination of equity prices are treated next before students are introduced to the theory behind and testing procedures for informational efficiency in financial markets. Finally
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149 Control w it h fairness in transfer pricing A transfer price is useless unless unit managers feel they are being treated fairly while top management retains control Robert G. Eccles It seems straightforward on the face of it: when a unit in a company sells a product to another unit‚ it ought to charge a fair price. That price may be based on what it cost to make the product‚ or on the market price of the product‚ or on some combination of these two. But as most managers
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MARKETING Session III: Pricing Policy Question I: Why is pricing policy so important in the marketing mix of a product ? What is pricing? Pricing is the process of determining what a compagny will receive in Exchange for its products. Pricing strategy is important for several aspects in the compagny wich are: Survival : short-term objectives are set in order to survive Profit :the objective is to maximise profits Return on investment : prices are set to attain a specified return on
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MKT 521 *Psychological Pricing S*trategy {draw:frame} Reference Pricing.- Any business can leverage on reference pricing by positioning their product in the market place along with high value or luxury items to make consumers perceive that its product fits into the same category. However‚ if consumers feel that the product does not belong in that category the pricing and positioning strategy will not work and be it counterproductive for the product and the company. Two common forms of
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PRICING METHODOLOGY Pricing methods adopted by an organization determines the values attached to its products. Pricing determinant can be Internal or External. An Internal pricing determinant is one that is controlled by the marketer while the external is not controllable by the marketer. We shall be considering the following types of pricing models: PRICE DISCRIMINATION: Price discrimination is the practice of setting a different price for the same product in different segments to the market.
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studyLG believes in honest pricing and not being gimmicks of discounts and price reduction as lure. Their strength of marketing is consumer pool‚ good products and pricing power. * Its product designs are centred on the middle & upper class and the ads screened highlight the product features. * Its employees are totally committed to quality and innovation. They chant “TPI 50 and TDR”‚ which signifies‚ total productivity innovation and tear down re-engineering. Through this method the
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MANAGING TRANSFER PRICING Sarbanes-Oxley requires a company to establish that it has internal controls to ensure accurate financial reporting and that the auditor attest to the assessment of those controls. An obvious concern for all multinationals after SOX is whether there are effective controls in place to deal with transfer pricing exposure. An increasingly important element of transfer pricing documentation relates to the influence of legislation‚ ethical standards‚ and associated matters
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institutions experienced hardship‚ due to high interest rate that resulted in a high cost of capital to the entrepreneurs. The quality of bank assets has deteriorated significantly while the banking system was burdened by a high cost of funds caused by high market interest rates. Furthermore‚ low productivity and high risk investments have prevented the banks from investing their funds in the real sector. As the consequence‚ the banking system started to loose its intermediary function as indicated
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MKT 382 PRICING/CHANNELS FALL‚ 2011 Course Unique # 05135 (9:30 a.m.) Professor Kate Mackie‚ Ph.D. Office CBA 5.176 M (behind Executive Education‚ past Communications Office) Office Hours Tuesdays/Thursdays‚ 1:00-2:30‚ and by appointment Phone 512-288-3115 (Cell phone – feel free to call any day before 9 p.m.) E-Mail Kate.Mackie@mccombs.utexas.edu Skype katemackietx Course Web Page via Blackboard Teaching Assistants Dave Isquick (David.Isquick@mba12.mccombs.utexas.edu )
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Pricing is one of the most important elements of the marketing mix as it is the only mix‚ which generates a turnover for the organization; the remaining 3p’s are the variable cost for the organization. It costs to produce and design a product; it costs to distribute a product and costs to promote it. Price must support these elements of the mix. Pricing is difficult and must reflect supply and demand relationship (Constantinides‚ 2006). Pricing a product too high or too low could mean a loss of sales
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