Authoritarian Theory According to this theory‚ mass media‚ though not under the direct control of the State‚ had to follow its bidding. Under an Authoritarian approach in Western Europe‚ freedom of thought was jealously guarded by a few people (ruling classes)‚ who were concerned with the emergence of a new middle class and were worried about the effects of printed matter on their thought process. Steps were taken to control the freedom of expression. The result was advocacy of complete dictatorship
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The constitutional theory and the modern theory are two prominent frameworks of presidency seen in American history. The constitutional theory is a framework of presidency that the president confines his powers to ones strictly given in the constitution. The modern theory of presidency is a framework that the president explores the options and gains of power; use of more external factors and less restraint of the constitution. Throughout American history‚ from first president‚ George Washington to
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Motivational theories have been studied by many scientists for many years. Motivation is “the processes that account for an individual’s intensity‚ direction‚ and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.” In laymen terms motivation has been said to be a reasoning of why people do the things that they do or say some of the things they say and want some of the things they want. Many scientists put a lot of time and effort into the study of human beings and this intriguing topic testing hypotheses
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Human Resources Management in Hospital Authority – Retention of Doctors Introduction Hospital Authority (HA) as the largest health care provider in Hong Kong suffers the serious brain-drain problem in recent years. That is the severe shortfall of doctors and the problem will persist and become a challenge for HA in the coming years. According to the statistics provided by HA‚ the turnover rates of doctors rose from 4.4% to 5.2% during the period of 2009-2011 and reached 6.7% in 2006. The trend
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the looking glass self is that people define themselves according to society ’s perception of them (www.d.umn.edu ). Cooley ’s ideas‚ coupled with the works of Mead‚ are very important to labeling theory and its approach to a person ’s acceptance of labels as attached by society. George Mead ’s theory is less concerned with the micro-level focus on the deviant and more concerned with the macro-level process of separating the conventional and the condemned (Pfohl 1994). In Mind‚ Self‚ and Society
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regarding nursing theories and their applications in real life. In my interview‚ they all came up with the same opinion about the theories. According to them – and I might have to agree – the theories aren’t that much useful to the practical duties as nurses. Though‚ Ernesto admits that these theories are the basis of what nurses do everyday. Eleanor says that when you are in an emergency situation or if immediate action is required‚ you will almost forget to think about the theories. While going through
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Theories of Revolution "What is a structural theory of revolution? How does a structural theory differ from explanations that emphasize the role of individuals‚ ideology‚ and culture? Assess the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches for understanding the origins and outcomes of revolutions." Theories of revolutions come from many sources and involve informed decisions made by the reader. In order for one to come to the final realisation as to what the theories of revolutions are
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ways to analyse and understand organisations and organisation behaviour. Theory affects the ways organisations organise their concepts and understanding and provide multiple ways of seeing the world which is the reason why different organisation behave differently. Different perspectives result in conflict and disagreement between people over what is the true truth. The purpose of this essay is understand the two different theories in organisation which in turn causes different behaviour in terms of
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1.) INTRODUCTION “Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it” Dwight D Eisenhower Leadership is one of those things that are often awfully hard to define but you know when you see it‚ and you definitely know when it is missing. Leadership is a process that is ultimately concerned with fostering change. In contrast to the notion of management‚ which suggests
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According to Trait theory‚ Individuals who takes leadership position has some good qualities or attributes compared to those who are non-leaders. This Trait theory is also known as Great Man theory. This theory focuses on the inbuilt quality which the leader has it in himself. In 1974‚ American Researcher named Ralf Stogdill had found that the leadership is not about single or small cluster of traits but it is based on complex groupings of trait and social interaction. This theory focuses on different
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