NON-TARIFF BARRIERS Kunj Baheti Roll no.: 6 Prof. Mrs. Amita Johnson M.com‚ M.K.S College University of Mumbai INDEX 1. Introduction 2. Types of Non-tariff Barriers 3. Examples of Non-tariff Barriers 4. Impact of Non-tariff barrier on International trade 5. Non-tariff Barriers in India
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Michael Porter’s Factor 1) Threat of New Entrants - The easier it is for new companies to enter the industry‚ the more cut-throat competition there will be. Factors that can limit the threat of new entrants are known as barriers to entry. Some examples include: Existing loyalty to major brands Incentives for using a particular buyer (such as frequent shopper programs) High fixed costs Scarcity of resources Government restrictions or legislation Entry protection (patents‚ rights‚ etc.)
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Both potential and existing competitors influence average industry profitability. The threat of new entrants is usually based on the market entry barriers. They can take diverse forms and are used to prevent an influx of firms into an industry whenever profits‚ adjusted for the cost of capital‚ rise above zero. In contrast‚ entry barriers exist whenever it is difficult or not economically feasible for an outsider to replicate the incumbents’ position (Porter‚ 1980b; Sanderson‚ 1998) The most
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The extended rivalry that results from all five forces defines an industry’s structure and shapes the nature of competitive interaction within an industry. The global auto industry‚ for instance‚ appears to have nothing in common with the worldwide market for art masterpieces or the heavily regulated health-care delivery industry in Europe. But to understand industry competition and profitability in each of those three cases‚ one must analyze the industry’s underlying structure in terms of the
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FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS WORKSHEET Exhibit III-1 Five Forces Affecting Industry Structure ENTRY BARRIERS Economies of scale Proprietary product differences Brand identity Switching costs Capital requirements Access to distribution Absolute cost advantages Proprietary learning curve Access to necessary inputs Proprietary low-cost product design Government policy and international treaties Expected retaliation RIVALRY DETERMINANTS Industry Growth Fixed (or storage) costs/value-added Intermittent overcapacity
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1. Bibliography of Michael E Porter Michael E. Porter is the Bishop William Lawrence University Professor‚ based at Harvard Business School. A University professorship is the highest professional recognition that can be given to a Harvard faculty member. Professor Porter is the fourth faculty member in Harvard Business School history to earn this distinction‚ and is one of about 15 current University Professors at Harvard. Professor Porter is a leading authority on competitive strategy and the
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Describe the barriers of effective communication. Introduction: If an individual (Sender) sends a message and the receiver interprets it in the same way as the sender had intended to express‚the process of communication is said to be complete. But it is not always so. Certain barriers in communication affect the clarity‚ accuracy and effectiveness of the message. The barriers could be related to the communication system‚ mechanical devices being used‚ language or symbols being used
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monopoly. Monopoly is a firm that produces a good for which there are no close substitutes in a market that other firms are prevented from entering because of a barrier to entry. A monopoly has more market power than any other type of firm. A market consisting of a large number of firms selling a differentiated product with low barriers to entry is called monopolistic competition. Monopoly and monopolistic competition are very different market structures‚ but firms in both of these market structures
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Hilton Hotels‚ Marriott International‚ Inc.‚ Global Hyatt Corporation‚ and MGM Mirage. They have built a brand image and equity that intensifies rivalry in the industry. Since all of the actors in the hotel industry made huge investments‚ their exit barrier is high that adds more fuel to rivalry in the hotel industry. Threat of Substitutes: In the overall hotel substitutes category‚ there are several substitutes for Starwoods such as timeshares‚ staying at friends and
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family run unorganized players Industry rivalry is intense but not cutthroat Rivalry Intense because of low switching costs‚ low levels of product differentiation‚ perishability of products diversity of rivals Rivalry is not cut throat since exit barriers are not high‚ fixed costs are not high‚ market growth is good Porter’s Five Forces: Travel Agency Porter’s Five Forces: Travel Agency : Threat of Substitutes: Low Threat of Substitutes‚ as travel moves up the list of household priorities Lot
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