scale/learning economies and the ratio of fixed to variable costs‚ and excess capacity and exit barriers. Threat of New Entrants. The threat of new entry can force firms to set prices to keep industry profits low. The threat of new entry can be mitigated by economies of scale‚ first mover advantages to incumbents‚ greater access to channels of distribution and existing customer relationships‚ and legal barriers to entry. Threat of Substitute Products. The threat of substitute products can force firms
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Barriers to Entry of New Firms For a firm to maintain its monopoly position there must be barriers to entry of new firms. Barriers also exist under oligopoly‚ but in the case of monopoly they must be high enough to block the entry of new firms. Barriers can be of various forms. • Economies of scale. If a monopoly experiences substantial economies of scale‚ the industry may not be able to support more than one producer. • Network economies. When a product or service is used by everyone in
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Qns 6 Entry and Exit will determine the extent of competition in an industry. Apply to the airline‚ pharmaceutical or supermarket businesses. Using the industry of your choice‚ how can this company deter entry? Entry is the beginning of production and sales by a new firm in a market‚ and exit occurs when a firm ceases to produce in a firms. The existence of high start-up costs or other obstacles that prevent new competitors from easily enter an industry or area of business. Barriers to entry
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possible in IKEA’s case? 3） Describe how IKEA’S expansion has re-energized mature markets around the world and changed the competitive situation. 4） How does the TV advertising campaign initiated by IKEA overcome the entry barrier of high advertising expenditures? 5）Should IKEA expand further in the United States or focus on other countries? 2 GLOBALIZATION AT WHIRLPOOL 1）To what extent is the appliance market regional rather than global? 2）What seem to be the key success factors in the appliance
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Chapter 04 The External Environment Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 81) The external environment can be divided into various subcategories: A. Remote‚ political‚ social B. Remote‚ social‚ operational C. Remote‚ industry‚ operating D. Technological and social Difficulty: Easy Learning Objective: 1 2. (p. 81) A firm’s external environment includes a remote sector‚ industry sector and an operating sector. The remote sector includes which of the following categories
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BARRIER TO ENTRY FOR NEW FIRMS Celano and Cornetto have been the two biggest firms in Viet Nam ice cream cone market for a long time. Therefore‚ it’s very difficult or even impossible for new firms to enter the market. Such barrier can be listed as: - Advertising: Celano and Cornetto spend so heavily on advertising that new firms would find difficult to aford (that is known as the market power theory of advertising). The use of advertising of these two established firms creates a consumer perceived
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timing in deciding to enter or exit a market? Firms decide to enter a market based on current and historical information‚ but time lags can change the economic environment. What are the risks a firm faces in deciding to enter or exit a market? Again‚ use examples from current economic events or events. Apply your statements to these events. Timing is an essential factor in making entrance and exit market decisions; this is due to the fact that profitable markets that yield high returns will draw firms
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Cunningham1 (1986) identified five strategies used by firms for entry into new foreign markets: i) Technical innovation strategy - perceived and demonstrable superior products ii) Product adaptation strategy - modifications to existing products iii) Availability and security strategy - overcome transport risks by countering perceived risks iv) Low price strategy - penetration price and‚ v) Total adaptation and conformity strategy - foreign producer gives a straight copy. In marketing products
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is how to enter a new overseas market because of commitments to be made; commitment in terms of dollars to be invested‚ personnel for managing the international organization‚ and determination to stay in the market long enough to realize a return on these investments‚ therefore selecting the most appropriate market entry mode is vital. A mode of entry into an international market is the channel which the organization employs to gain entry to a new international market. In this report I will go through
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Market entry strategies ——from a case study of Hershey 1 Introduction When talking about Hershey‚people will think of chocolate. Hershey is the largest manufacturer of chocolate and candy in North America‚which had long history of 105 years.Now Hershey’s chocolate sold around the world. From the case study‚ we found that hershey met difficults when entered into Australia market ‚and the same things also happened in China market.They withdrawn from the market and return after strategic recombination
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