Practical 7: Determination of Hardness in Water | | | | | 10/3/2012 | | Aim: To determine the different types of hardness and alkalinity found in the water by titration methods. This is used to calculate the concentrations of calcium and magnesium found in the water. Principles: The hardness of water is determined to provide a measure of the quality of water for household and industrial use. Hard water is not a health hazard. Drinking hard water contributes a small amount of
Premium Hard water Bicarbonate Calcium
professor in a classification system‚ the cool ones‚ the bi-polar ones‚ and the evil ones. Some of the teachers you can tell which category they fall in from appearance or their actions‚ but some are tricky. For example‚ on the first day school all the teachers tend to be the‚ “The Cool Ones‚” but of course that is just a cover up for the first two week of school. After that‚ that is when you see their true colors and find out who they are really. When it comes to trying to find out if that student
Free University Education Student
Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Lab Report Introduction: In this lab the use of disodium salt of EDTA is used to determine the concentration of M^2+ metal ion impurities in hard water by chelometric titration. The indicator Eriochrome Black T will help detect when you EDTA has completely chelated the metal impurities. Chemical Principle: A complex ion consists of a metal ion with Lewis bases attached to it. These Bases form strong covalent bonds with the central complex
Premium Calcium Water Hard water
Water “hardness” was analyzed in this experiment‚ through the determination of CaCO3 concentration. This was achieved by the titration of an unknown solution using a standardized 0.1M EDTA‚ and addition of Eriochrome Black T to the unknown‚ to indicate the endpoint of the titration. The average concentration of CaCO3 obtained was 1034 ppm‚ with a standard deviation of 2.4495. The results indicate that the unknown solution can be considered as hard water. Introduction The hardness of water
Premium Titration Calcium Calcium carbonate
The objective of this lab is to determine the hardness of water‚ using the data collected from each titration performed with the unknown sample. Since the hardness of water arises from the presence of metal ions‚ we can use disodium salt of EDTA and the indicator Eriochrome Black T to determine the concentration of M 2+ ( Mg 2+ or Ca 2+) metal ion impurities. Chemical principle or theory involved in this lab: To determine waters hardness we will use a technique called a chelometric titration
Premium Calcium Water Hard water
genetics. For hundreds of generations genes were passed down. You get these genes from your parents then from their parents and so forth. Your identity is given to you because of cultural diffusion and the mix of race‚ ethnicity and genetics from your ancestors. So‚ before your life there was cultural diffusion for hundreds of years due to this every ethnicity/race mixed. Critics may say‚ your identity is created by you because you live your own life. A woman named Rachel Dolezal was a person who chose
Premium Black people Race African American
War 4 has just occurred and you and 5 other people find yourselves to be the only people left on the planet earth. You manage to all make it to a bunker‚ however‚ you all realize that if 2 of you wish to survive for many years‚ 4 of you will have to leave soon because there are not enough resources for all of you to survive. If all of you stay‚ then you will all live only for a maximum of 2 years. In your bunker‚ you have the following facilities: sewage system water seeds some clothes a
Premium Meaning of life Life Philosophy
CHM152LL LAB MANUAL COMPLEXOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF WATER HARDNESS Complexometric Determination of Water Hardness Introduction Complex ions When a neutral molecule or anion (a Lewis base) donates electron pairs and attaches itself to a metal ion center (a Lewis acid)‚ the resulting cluster‚ or complex‚ of atoms becomes a single complex ion. When such complexes form‚ the electron donating groups (called ligands) form coordinate covalent bonds through empty orbitals on the metal ion. An example
Premium Calcium Water Calcium carbonate
that the unk B tap water can be considered as hard water. INTRODUCTION Hard water is due to metal ions (minerals) that are dissolved in the ground water. These minerals include Ca 2+‚ Mg2+‚ Fe3+‚ SO42-‚ HCO3-. When this water evaporates or boils‚ the difficult to dissolve metal salts remain as a scaly residue. Hard water inhibits the effectiveness of soap and detergents. Calcium ions typically make the most significant contribution to water hardness. This is why hardness is measured in terms
Premium Calcium Water Hard water
Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Heather Crall Chemistry 1 SMT- 271044 10/17/2012 Abstract From seeing all of my results and conclusion I now see that I didn’t understand this lab very well and that its not easy when others try to help. Since I have hard water it tells me that my water flows over and through rocks and minerals‚ like limestone. Purpose The purpose of this lab is to become familiar with the concept of water hardness. We learn that hard water contains high
Premium Calcium carbonate Calcium Hard water