CHAPTER 23 Circulation Chapter Objectives Opening Essay Describe the adaptations of giraffes and humans to circulate blood against the pull of gravity. Circulatory Systems 23.1 23.1 23.2 Describe the general functions of a circulatory system. Compare the structures and functions of gastrovascular cavities‚ open circulatory systems‚ and closed circulatory systems. Compare the cardiovascular systems of a fish‚ an amphibian‚ a reptile‚ a bird‚ and a mammal. The Human Cardiovascular System
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organs. There is an elaborate system of collecting vessels which travel the lymph from the capillaries through lymphatic vessels‚ lymph nodes‚ larger lymphatic vessels to lymph trunks and finally to the large veins of the neck at the junction of the right and left internal jugular and subclavian veins where the lymph drains into the blood stream. Lymph glands or nodes are interspaced in the pathways of the collecting vessels and filter the lymph and remove toxic substances as it passes through them and
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urinary bladder‚ urethra and renal vessels which include the renal artery and the renal vein. The main blood supply comes from the renal artery which passes from the abdominal aorta into the kidneys. Each artery divides into small branches within the kidney tissues. The blood leaves kidneys via the renal vein. Kidneys We have two kidneys of which are bean shaped and dark red in colour. The ureter and renal vein both emerge from the kidney and the renal artery enters the kidney at the hilum. There
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Joseph Clark a man arrested in Ohio set on death row on 1987. He ended up being executed 22 years and 5 month later after his arrest. It took 22 minutes for the execution technicians to find a vein. The vein collapsed after the start of the injection and Clark’s arm started to swell‚ an autopsy found 19 puncture marks resulting from attempts to execute him. It took the technicians 90 minutes to execute Clark. That’s absurd after two attempts they should’ve found a different way to execute him instead
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contains oxygen. Pass the lungs‚ and then into the pulmonary vein‚ and the left atrium and onto the left ventricle. From the left ventricle‚ it goes though the aorta and arteries‚ and then into the arterioles. After passing through the arterioles‚ it goes into the capillaries‚ where the blood color is changed from red to blue‚ which now the blood contains no oxygen. After the blood color has been changed‚ it goes through the venules‚ then to the veins‚ and then the to the vena cava. After going through the
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The cardiovascular system The heart is a major organ in the body‚ this organ pumps blood around the body‚ through veins‚ capillaries and arteries. The blood carries oxygen to our cells and also carries waste products which include water and carbon dioxide‚ which are products of respiration. Blood also helps spread out salts‚ enzymes‚ urea‚ nutrients‚ hormones and heat across the body. The structure of the heart The heart is located between lungs and it is protected by the rib cage‚ it is thought
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ligamentum arteriosum)‚ it may have to be surgically ligated. When clamping or ligating it‚ what important structure immediately behind it must be identified and saved? a. arch of the azygos vein b. internal thoracic artery c. left phrenic nerve d. left recurrent laryngeal nerve e. left superior intercostal vein 3. A hand slipped behind the heart at its apex can be extended upwards until stopped by a line of pericardial reflection that forms the: a. Cardiac notch b. ostomediastinal recess
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left‚ so that about 2/3 of the heart is located on the body’s left side with the other 1/3 on right. The top of the heart‚ known as the heart’s base‚ connects to the great blood vessels of the body: theaorta‚ vena cava‚ pulmonary trunk‚ and pulmonary veins. Circulatory Loops There are 2 primary circulatory loops in the human body: the pulmonary circulation loop and the systemic circulation loop. 1. Pulmonary circulation: Pulmonary circulation transports deoxygenated
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Phlebotomy: incision in vein for the purpose of drawing blood. Vacutainer tubes: sterile glass or plastic blood collection tube with a closure that is evacuated to create a vacuum inside the tube facilitating the draw of a predetermined volume of blood/liquid. Standard precautions: set of basic infection prevention practices intended to prevent transmission of infectious diseases from one person to another (gloves‚ hand-washing‚ goggles‚ etc.) Needleless adapters: device providing a way to access
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1. Macros ↑top 1.1. Generic Macros for Mages 1.1.1. Counterspell * #showtooltip * /stopcasting * /cast [@focus‚exists][@target] Counterspell This macro casts Counterspell at your focus‚ if you have one. Otherwise‚ Counterspell is cast at your current target. If you are using Glyph of Counterspell‚ then you can remove the /stopcasting from the macro. 1.1.2. Spellsteal * #showtooltip * /stopcasting * /cast [@focus‚exists][@target] Spellsteal This macro for
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