OGRA Oil & Gas Regulatory Authority The Authority Senior Officers CHAIRMAN’S REVIEW It gives me great pleasure to present the 7th Annual Report of OGRA’s performance for the year ended June 30‚ 2009 in pursuance of Section 20 (1) (a) of the OGRA Ordinance‚ 2002. I must first acknowledge my appreciation and gratitude for the dedicated efforts of my predecessor‚ our founding Chairman Mr. Munir Ahmad‚ and the former Members of the Authority. The result is evident
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CHAPTER 2 1. As a rule of thumb‚ real rates of interest are calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal rate. What is the error from using this rule of thumb for calculating real rates of return in the following cases? Nominal rate (%) 7 12 18 22 Inflation rate (%) 4 6 8 10 Solution: [pic] 2. As a rule of thumb‚ real rates of interest are calculated by subtracting the inflation rate from the nominal rate. What is the error from using this
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MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS MEANING OF MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS Managerial economics‚ used synonymously with business economics‚ is a branch of economics that deals with the application of microeconomic analysis to decision-making techniques of businesses and management units. It acts as the via media between economic theory and pragmatic economics. Managerial economics bridges the gap between ’theoria’ and ’pracis’. The tenets of managerial economics have been derived from quantitative techniques such as regression
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James M. McTaggart (1984)‚ "ValueBased Strategic Investment Planning." Interfaces‚ 14 (January-February). 138-51. Barnes‚ J. H. (1984). "Cognitive Biases and Their Impact on Strategic Planning." Strategic Management Journal‚ 5 (April-June). 129-38. Baumöl. William J. and Robert D. Willig (1981). "Fixed Costs. Sunk Costs. Entry Barrier and Sustainability of Monopoly." Quarterly Journal of Economics‚ 96 (August). 4 0 5 31. Bhide‚ Amar (1986). "Hustle as Strategy." Harvard Business Review‚ 64 (September-October)
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References: Association of California Water Agencies (ACWA). 1985. ACWA’s 75- year History Adam‚ Christopher‚ William Cavendish and Percy S. 1992. Mistry‚ Adjusting Privatization: Case Studies from Developing Countries. Baumol‚ William J.‚ J.C. Panzar and R.D. Willig. 1982. Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure Blackburn‚ Stephanie J. and David E. Dowall. 1991. “The Tools for Financing Infrastructure‚” Institute of Urban and Regional Brendan‚ Martin.
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Game Theory and Economic Analysis Game Theory and Economic Analysis presents the wide range of current contributions of game theory to economics. The chapters fall broadly into two categories. Some lay out in a jargon-free manner a particular branch of the theory‚ the evolution of one of its concepts‚ or a problem that runs through its development. Others are original pieces of work that are significant to game theory as a whole. After taking the reader through a concise history of game theory
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1 The Fundamental Agency Problem and Its Mitigation: Independence‚ Equity‚ and the Market for Corporate Control DAN R. DALTON Kelley School of Business‚ Indiana University MICHAELA. HITT Mays College of Business‚ Texas A&M University S. TREVIS CERTO Mays College of Business‚ Texas A&M University CATHERINE M. DALTON Kelley School of Business‚ Indiana University Abstract A central tenet of agency theory is that there is potential for mischief when the interests of owners and
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International Journal of Food Microbiology 71 Ž2001. 1–20 www.elsevier.comrlocaterijfoodmicro Review article Bacteriocins: safe‚ natural antimicrobials for food preservation Jennifer Cleveland a ‚ Thomas J. Montville a ‚ Ingolf F. Nes b‚ Michael L. Chikindas a‚ ) a Department of Food Science‚ Rutgers‚ The State UniÕersity of New Jersey‚ 65 Dudley Road‚ New Brunswick‚ NJ 08901‚ USA b Laboratory of Microbial Gene Technology‚ Department of Biotechnological Sciences‚ Agricultural UniÕersity
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1. Supply and Demand Economists Are a Joke? ________________________________________ A smarty-pants old story says that if you want a "learned economist‚" all you have to do is get a parrot and train the bird to squawk "supply and demand" in response to every question. Not fair‚ but ... It ’s true that the "theory of supply and demand" is a central part of economics. It is widely applicable‚ and also is a model of the way economists try to think most problems through‚ even when the theory of
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Modern Economics and its Critics‚ 1 by Partha Dasgupta* First Version: September 1996 Revised: February 1998 I have benefited greatly from the comments I received on an earlier draft from Kenneth Arrow‚ Avinash Dixit‚ Frank Hahn‚ Geoffrey Harcourt‚ Ira Katznelson‚ Wolf Lepenies‚ Assar Lindbeck‚ KarlGöran Mäler‚ James Mirrlees‚ Paul Seabright‚ Gavin Wright‚ Stefano Zamagni and‚ most especially‚ Robert Solow. *The author is the Frank Ramsey Professor of Economics at the University
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