Early History of Electric Power Date Event Pictures 1800-1819 Early electric experiments were performed with DC. In 1800‚ Alessandro Volta published a description of a silver/zinc battery‚ acknowledging that he did not know how it worked. In 1807‚ Humphry Davy constructed a practical battery (the picture will be immediately familiar to anyone who works with UPS systems)‚ and demonstrated both incandescent and arc light. • Volta’s famous bi-metalic frog twitch (I did this one myself as a boy..
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to detect charged bodies. Here‚ an electronic version of the scope that is more sensitive as compared to its conventional counterpart and which helps indicate the polarity of charge has been described. This circuit consumes very low quiescent power and reliably indicates charge induction and detection. The polarity of charge is indicated through LEDs (green LED indicates positive and red LED negative). In this project report‚ the detailed circuit diagram of the electronic electroscope has been given
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SAMPLE PROBLEMS: 112- Topic 1: ELECTRIC FORCES & ELECTRIC FIELDS. 1) Charges of - 6 and + 4 nC are 3 m apart. Determine the force they exert on each other‚ and the electric field at a point midway between them. |Solution: This is an electrostatics problem (stationary charges). Since the charges|[pic] | |are of opposite sign‚ they will attract each other. The forces are indicated in the|
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form the crystal array. The smaller cations reside in the holes between the anions. Basic Concepts: 1. Ions are assumed to be charged‚ incompressible‚ nonpolarizable spheres. 2. Ions try to surround themselves with as many ions of opposite charge as closely as possible. Usually in the packing arrangement‚ the cation is just large enough to allow te anions to surround it without touching one another. 3. The cation to anion ratio must reflect the stoichiometry of the compound. For MgCl2
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INTRODUCTION Maleic acid and Fumaric acid are both compounds belonging to the carboxylic acids class. In this experiment‚ we formed the two isomers of 1‚2-ethylenedicarboxylic acid and tested the solubility and melting points of both of these products. Both of these compounds involve a carbon-carbon double bond that is composed of one σ bond and one π bond. The overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals forms the σ bond‚ and one empty p orbital forms the π bond. This process is illustrated in the figure below:
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Experiment 2: Centrifugation Title Centrifugation of fresh milk and Acetic Acid Objective(s): 1. To separate coagulated milk from mixture of fresh milk and Acetic Acid by centrifugation 2. To determine the relationship of speed of centrifugation with the coagulation of milk which separate from mixture. 3. To study the process of centrifugation Introduction Centrifugation is a process which materials suspended in a liquid medium undergo separation or concentrate due to the effect of gravity
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INTRODUCTION If an electric current flows through a conductor in a magnetic field‚ the magnetic field exerts a transverse force on the moving charge carrier which tends to push them to one side of the conductor. A buildup of charge at the sides of the conductors will balance this magnetic influence‚ producing a measurable voltage between the two sides of the conductor. This presence of measurable transverse voltage is the Hall Effect. The Hall effect was discovered in 1879 by Edwin Herbert Hall
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4.1 Defining the Atom Overview cannot be seen w/ naked eye def. smallest particle of an element that retains its identity in a chemical reaction Democritus’ Atomic Philosophy Democritus (460 BC- 370 BC) was a Greek philosopher first suggested the existence of atoms said they were indivisible and indestructible did not explain chemical behavior did not use scientific method John Dalton (1766-1844) English chemist schoolteacher used experimental methods he transformed Democritus’ ideas
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BAND THEORY OF SOLIDS According to quantum free electron theory of metals‚ a electron in a metal experiences constant(or zero) potential and free to move inside the crystal but will not come out of the metal because an infinite potential exists at the surface. Bloch Theorem: According to this theorem‚ the periodic potentials due to the positive ions in metal have been considered. (i.e. the electrons moves in a periodic potential provided by lattice). If the electron moves through these ions‚
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cations and anions a. Extracellular cations: Sodium anions: Chloride b. Intracellular cations: Potassium anions: Phosphates and Protein 7. Within a fluid compartment‚ the total number of positive charges must be equal to the total number of negative charges . 8. Name four of the seven functions given for electrolytes: a. Cofactors for enzymes b. Action potentials in neuron and muscle cells c. Muscle contraction d. Secretion and
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