Criminology is a combination of two Latin words: Crimen – crime Logus or logy – science It is the science or study of crime. It is concerned with the conduct of individuals which is prohibited by society and law. It is a socio-legal study which seeks to discover the causes of criminality and suggests appropriate remedies. 1.1 Definitions by various scholars 1.11 Edwin Sutherland Criminology is the body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its scope the
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Sociologists like Emile Durkheim used the structural functional theory of crime to understand the world and why people act the way that they do. Its main thought is that our culture is a whole unit. This unit is composed of interconnected portions. Sociologists who believe theory often focus on the social structure and social function. Durkheim based primarily all his work on this theory‚ the structural functional theory. Durkheim debated that deviance is a typical and essential part of our culture
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changed to grievous hurt. In the present case of Barendra Kumar Ghosh‚ the accused argued that he was the man who stood outside the courtyard and was in nowhere in the room. To this contention the court asked why was he present at the scene of the crime at all and why did he not take himself off ? These questions were not answered by the
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whose infraction creates deviance (Becker‚ 1963). A normative approach would suggest that deviance is behaviour in which acts against a social norm‚ For example‚ laughing is not behaviour in which you would expect at a funeral (Clinard & Meier‚ 2011). Very similar to the normative approach is the statistical definition of deviance. Anything that varies too widely from the average‚ for instance‚ being left handed is deviant as most people are right handed (Becker‚ 1963). Where as‚ an absolutist approach
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Labelling theory refers to the ability to attach a label to a person or group of people and in so doing the label becomes more important than the individual. The label becomes the dominant form of identify and takes on ‘Master Status’ (Becker 1963; Lemert 1967) so that the person can no longer be seen other than through the lens of the label. Words‚ just like labels‚ are containers of meaning. In this case‚ the label and the meaning attached to it becomes all that the person is rather than a temporary
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aspects of society. In the following paragraphs‚ I will discuss how social science theory ‚ specifically criminology can help reduce crime. Criminology & Penology is the branch of social science that deals with occurrences of crime‚ their causes and their consequences. It is the study of crime within society. In society an activity that occurs outside the boundaries of the law‚ is considered to be a crime. “Crime” in society varies by perspective. For example‚ German criminologists might look
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The study period say that males were seen to be more likely than females to commit crime. In 2005‚ males were actually 10 times more likely than females to commit murder. A breakdown of the murders into gender and circumstance and gender and weapon gives further insight into male offender violence compared to female offender violence “(Prinz‚ 2012)”. Males were more likely than females to commit homicide during arguments‚ using a gun and commit felony murder and to be a multiple offender. These statistics
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on GM Food Labeling The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began food labeling in the United States in 1938. It was an initial effort to protect public health through the transparency in food ingredients and their nutritional value. Today‚ with the emergence of genetically modified organisms (GMO) as food‚ another issue regarding labeling to champion consumer choice between GM and non-GM foods has been raised. But experiences of countries that adopted mandatory GMO labeling proved that
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main sociological theories of crime and deviance. Deviance and crime are wide-ranging terms used by sociologists to refer to behavior that varies‚ in some way‚ from a social norm. Cultural Norms are society’s propensity towards certain ideals; their aversion from others; and their standard‚ ritualistic practices. Essentially the ’norm’ is a summation of typical activities and beliefs of group of people. This essay will evaluate the sociological theories associated with crime and deviance and to
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Critical perspectives on crime differ from other perspectives in that they focus on ways people and institutions respond to crime and criminals. Critical perspectives are often called social reaction theories. The different theories covered under critical perspectives include Labeling theory‚ Conflict and radical theory and feminist theory. Labeling theory states that deviance is not the act itself that a person commits; a deviant label will lead us to be more deviant. Labeling theory is one of the most
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