The factors that would cause the lung to collapse are elastic recoil and high surface tension. And the factors that prevent the lungs from collapse are negative intrapulmonary pressure and surfactant. During expiration : volume increase and pressure decrease During inspiration : volume decrease and pressure increase The role of surfactant is to decrease surface tension by more than 40 times. And it’s effect on surface tension is to prevent them from PO2 in alveolar : 104 PO2 in venous blood
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The plasma membrane is a fluid phospholipid bilayer. The outside of the bilayer is hydrophilic portions of porteins and phospholipids because they are exposed to water. This results in a stable membrane structure. Inside the bilayer hydrophobic portions of proteins and phospholipids because the inside of the bilayer is nonaqueous. the proteins bob in the fluid bilayer of phospholipids. The proteins also vary in structure and function. There are teh integral proteins; transmembrane
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The cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living organisms. Some cells are complete organisms‚ such as the unicellular bacteria and protozoa; others‚ such as nerve‚ liver‚ and muscle cells‚ are specialized components of multi-cellular organisms. Cells range in size from the smallest bacteria-like mycoplasmas‚ which are 0.1 micrometer in diameter‚ to the egg yolks of ostriches‚ which are about 8 cm (about 3 in) in diameter. Although they may differ widely in appearance and function‚ all cells
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Stress and Cellular Membranes Bio Lab SBI 4U1 Due: Sept 24th‚ 2010 For: Ms. Barton By: Ameema Saeed Introduction: (See attached lab) Purpose: (See attached lab) Hypotheses: Tap water will cause no damage to the membranes. The extreme temperatures of the water cooled to 0°C‚ and heated to 94-100°C will greatly damage the membranes. Extreme heat will be more damaging than extreme cold. The more concentrated the solvent‚ the more damage it will cause to the membranes‚ therefore the solvent
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Bacteria Bacteria are microscopic organisms whose single cells have neither a membrane-enclosed nucleus nor other membrane-enclosed organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts. Another group of microbes‚ the archaea‚ meet these criteria but are very different from the bacteria in other ways. In fact‚ there is considerable evidence that you are more closely related to the archaea than they are to the bacteria! Bacteria are living things that are neither plants nor animals‚ but belong to a group
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Lab 3 – Homework 1. Purpose of today’s experiment: To determine the effect osmotic pressure might have on cellular membranes‚ specifically when beet slices are placed in NaCl solutions of varying concentrations. 2. Hypothesis: The osmolarity will directly increase with increasing NaCl concentrations. 3. Control = Distilled Water – this was present in all solutions 4. The independent variable – salinity of the 6 solutions; while predetermined‚ the NaCl concentrations varied from 0% to 15%.
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1 Experiment Membrane Transport Objectives ► Referring to energy‚ what two ways can substances enter a cell? What is active transport? What is passive transport? How is osmosis related to diffusion? How can we demonstrate active transport? How can we demonstrate Brownian movement? How can we demonstrate diffusion (2 ways)? How can we demonstrate osmosis (3 ways)? In terms of relationships between substances‚ how can we define “hypertonic”‚ “isotonic”‚ and “hypotonic”? What is the relationship
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Transport Across The Plasma Membrane Intracellular Fluid (ICF) – The two thirds of your body fluid contained inside body cells. (Intra = within). The cytosol of the cell. Extracellular Fluid (ECF) – Fluid outside the body cells. (extra = outside). Interstitial Fluid – The ECF in tiny spaces between cells (inter = between). Plasma- the ECF in blood vessels. Lymph- The ECF in lymphatic vessels. Solute – Any material dissolved in fluid. Solvent- The fluid a Solute is dissolved in. Concentration
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Resting membrane potentials Definition: Large nerve fibers when not transmitting nerve signals is about 90 millivolt. That is‚ the potential inside the fiber is 90 millivolts more negative than the potential in the extracellular fluid on the outside of the fiber. The Na+-k+ pump also causes large concentration gradients for sodium and potassium across the resting nerve membrane. These gradients are the following: Sodium ( outside): 142 mEq/L Sodium ( inside): 14 mEq/L Potassium ( outside):
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Bacterial Energetics and Membranes Abstract The Mg2+/Ca2+ ATP synthase present in all bacterial membranes‚ particularly E. coli‚ couples ATP synthesis to the proton (H+) gradient produced by the ETC‚ a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. The gradient acts to power the ATPase‚ so that it may phosphorylate ADP to produce ATP. The reverse reaction of this process‚ or hydrolysis of ATP into ADP and Pi‚ may be used to observe ATPase activity when the resulting Pi is quantitatively measured
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