cytoplasm‚ plasma membrane‚ ribosomes‚ nucleoid‚ flagellum‚ lacks organelles)‚ DNA is circular and single chromosome. (ex.= bacteria) Eukaryotes: multicellular (protists‚ fungi‚ animals‚ plants) use compartmentalization of cellular functions and transport systems (cytoskeleton) to accommodate size. ** Similarities btwn eukaryote and prokaryote: plasma membrane‚ electron transport chain‚ transcription/ translation machinery (relies on ribosomes) Organelles Cytoskeleton (non membrane bound) Support/shape
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receptor that would initiate the signal transmitted. 2. Explain the effect of the following on the membrane potential: a. Open sodium gated ion channels Open sodium gate ion channels result to entry of more sodium ions into the intracellular membrane and therefore would lead to a more positive membrane potential. This is due to increased permeability of the membrane to sodium ions. Once the membrane potential reaches its threshold‚
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major variables that affect the rate of diffusion: a. The composition of the lipid bilayer (eg. more cholesterol‚ less permeability to polar substances) b. The structure of the molecule undergoing diffusion (eg. steric conformation‚ size‚ polarity‚ amount and strength of hydrogen bonding) 2. Urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO because the pores of the membrane were too small for the urea to pass through. The molecular weight of urea is 60.06 g/mol‚ over three times greater than
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A graded potential in physiology‚ is described as local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying grades or degrees of magnitude or strength. When compared to graded potential‚ an action potential is described as brief‚ rapid‚ large (100mV) changes in membrane potential during which the potential actually reverses so that the inside of the excitable cell transiently becomes more positive than the outside. As with a graded potential‚ an action potential involves only a small portion of
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Starch/Amylase Experiment Report Objective: The purpose of the starch/amylase experiment was to simulate and observe the process of enzyme digestion. Materials: * 1 small beaker * 2 large beakers * 2 cut pieces of soaked dialysis tubing * 2 dialysis tubing clamps or pieces of twine * 2 clean plastic pipettes * 1 bottle of Lugol’s solution * 2 glucose test strips Procedure: Begin the experiment by placing 4 full pipettes worth of cooked starch in a beaker. Then‚ use
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surface exposed to the environment or internal chamber/passageway c. Attachment to underlying connective tissue by a basement membrane d. The absence of blood vessels e. Continual regeneration of epithelial cells that are damaged or lost at the exposed surface 4. Identify four essential functions of epithelial tissue: a. Provide physical protection b. Control permeability c. Provide sensation d. Produce specialized secretions 5. Identify the three main types of epithelial intercellular connections:
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In this junction‚ nerve attaches to the muscle‚ the impulses causes stimulation to trigger the release of acetylcholine which is combined in proteins for activation. The active form of acetylcholine causes an increase in the permeability of the membrane to sodium ions which causes depolarization due to the threshold induced by the impulses that were stimulated. Depolarization of muscle proceeds to its entire length and is followed by muscular contraction. Thus‚ the impulse generated in
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Sheet Exercise 1 Cell Transport Mechanisms and Permeability Name ___ Lab Time/Date ___ Activity 1 Simulating Dialysis (Simple Diffusion) 1. Describe two variables that affect the rate of diffusion. ___ ___ 2. Why do you think the urea was not able to diffuse through the 20 MWCO membrane? How well did the results compare with your prediction? ___ 3. Describe the results of the attempts to diffuse glucose and albumin through the 200 MWCO membrane. How well did the results compare with your prediction
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0-6.9: Acidic [H+ ]>[OH- ] 7=Neutral [H+ ]=[OH- ] 7.1-14-Basic [H+ ]<[OH- ] Buffers maintain pH Cell membrane Cell membrane Phospholipids and proteins Factors that affect permeability Polarity – net charge Cannot get across easily Ions –Hydrophilic Hydrophobic cores restricts polar molecules Permeable to… Small and hydrophobic (nonpolar) molecules Regulation of permeability Facilitated diffusion Proteins transports: Channel and carrier proteins Active transport Uses energy across
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Review: Anatomy I Lab Chapter 1: Language of Anatomy What is anatomic position? - Human body is erect‚ with the feet only slightly apart‚ head and toes pointed forward‚ and arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward. -two major divisions of human body surface are Axial‚ and Appendicular 2. Body orientation and direction. ~Superior- above ex. the nose is superior to the mouth ~Inferior- below ex. the abdomen is inferior to the chest ~Anterior- front ex
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