The term educational technology refers to the use of technology in educational settings‚ whether it be elementary and secondary schools‚ colleges and universities‚ corporate training sites‚ or independent study at home. This discussion‚ however‚ will focus on educational technology in grades K—12. Educational technology has both general and specialized meanings. To the lay public and to a majority of educators‚ the term refers to the instructional use of computers‚ television‚ and other kinds of
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There have been several theorists who have impacted education. The research they have conducted and the theories they have devised have taken education to a new level. B. F. Skinner emphasized the importance of consequences in learning. He is the best-known learning theorist in the behaviorist tradition. Skinner formulated the basic principle of operant conditioning which is a response that is followed by a reinforcer is strengthened and therefore more likely to occur again. A reinforcer is
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Chapter Outline Chapter 2 I. Developmental theories and the issues they raise A. The Importance of Theories 1. Guides the collection of new information a. what is most important to study b. what can be hypothesized or predicted c. how it should be studied B. Qualities of a Good Theory 1. Internally consistent-- its different parts are not contradictory 2. Falsifiable-- generates testable hypotheses 3. Supported by data-- describes‚ predicts‚ and explains human development C. Four Major
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References: Anon nd (2013)‚ Cognitivism‚ accessed on 20/01/13 http://www.learning-theories.com/cognitivism.html Anon nd (2013)‚ Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs‚ accessed on 20/01/13 http://www.learning-theories.com/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs.html Ashworth‚ F‚ Brennan‚ G‚ Egan‚ K‚ Hamilton
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An Overview of Language Teaching Methods and Approaches “…there is‚ as Gebhard et al.(1990:16) argue‚ no convincing evidence from pedagogic research‚ including research into second language instruction‚ that there is any universally or ‘best’ way to teach. Although‚ clearly‚ particular approaches are likely to prove more effective in certain situations‚ blanket prescription is difficult to support theoretically. The art of teaching does not lie in accessing a checklist of skills but rather
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Ethics‚ also known as moral philosophy‚ is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing‚ defending‚ and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.[1] The term comes from the Greek word ethos‚ which means "character". Ethics is a complement to Aesthetics in the philosophy field of Axiology. In philosophy‚ ethics studies the moral behavior in humans‚ and how one should act. Ethics may be divided into four major areas of study:[1] Meta-ethics‚ about the theoretical meaning and reference
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(a) Discuss four principles of Constructivism theory. (b) Describe‚ using appropriate examples‚ how you would adapt the selected learning theory in executing four of the central task of teaching in your classroom. ‘The task of the excellent teacher is to stimulate “apparently ordinary” people to unusual effort. The tough problem is not in identifying winners: it is in making winners out of ordinary people (K. Patricia Cross).’ The constructivism theory is closely related to this
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simply material capabilities‚ shape the conduct of international politics‚ and therefore deserve analysis and critique. In this sense it is similar to constructivism‚ though the English School has its roots more in world history‚ international law and political theory‚ and is more open to normative approaches than is generally the case with constructivism. The English School can also be seen as a via media between realism and liberalism/cosmopolitanism[1] but also has independent elements that clearly
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References: In the learning theories‚ there are several paradigms of learning theory which are behaviorism‚ cognitivism‚ and humanism. (Anon. 2008‚ 2012‚ Index of learning theories and models).
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POLI0062 Topic 1: Behaviorism. Historical origin: traditional approach Focus on formal constitutional power of office E.g. structure of state‚ electoral provisions‚ location of sovereignty Essentially Non-comparative Largely descriptive‚ did not aspire to explain Not ask why they work as they do or what forces shaping them E.g. historical original and growth of institutions E.g. legalistic – formal powers of branches of govt. Characteristics of behaviorism 1. Focus on what can be measured
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