Keywords: Constructivism‚ mathematics‚ active learning‚ Botswana‚ passive learning. Introduction Constructivism is a learning theory describing the process of knowledge construction. Knowledge construction is an active‚ rather than a passive process. Constructivists believe that knowledge should not be just deposited into the learners’ minds; instead it should be constructed by the learners through active involvement in the learning process. Hausfather (2001) noted that‚ Constructivism is not a
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Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately‚ other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major thought that have influenced our knowledge and understanding of psychology: Structuralism‚ functionalism‚ behaviorism: Structuralism: Structuralism was the first school of psychology‚ and focused on breaking down mental process into the most basic component‚ Major structuralism thinkers include Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchner. This school of thought was
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Introduction In this critical response‚ I will consider Armstrong’s materialist account of mind‚ and then I will argue the short-comings of the theories of behaviorism and science in accounting for the nature of mind in relation to Armstrong’s original perspective of what the mind is. Background In order to discuss Armstrong’s theories‚ we must first introduce ourselves to the fundamental base of his claims‚ which is the Doctrine of Science. The established scientific doctrine is explained as‚ “…
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equal to brain states Armstrong claims that P1: Mental states are the inner causes of behavior‚ is a conceptual truth while Cartesian dualists would label it as trivial and empirical. P1 is supported by Armstrong’s discussion of behaviorism. The crude version of behaviorism said that “the mind is not an inner arena‚ it is an outward act”. This was challenged by the notion of stoics and people who are do not always express their mental processes. It was then refined by introducing “dispositions to behave”
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impact in the laboratory. Although there were many different theories that had been developed about personality as well as information- processing‚ intelligence tests‚ and many cognitive therapies‚ cognitive psychology emerged as a reaction to behaviorism. Behaviorist insisted that only stimuli and response were responsible for the way people behaved; cognitive psychology changed that with the study of superior mental processes‚ which proved that there was more happening in the brain that controlled
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high school‚ and avoided public speaking classes in college. Bill’s phobia of public speaking can be explained by a natural reflex (anxiety‚ and fear) in response to a stimulus (public speaking)‚ this concept is known as Classical Conditioning (“Behaviorism”‚ 2011). Classical conditioning occurs‚ when a stimulus (possibly a conditioned stimulus‚ CS) elites and unconditioned response (US)‚ or a reflex. Conditioning stimulus (CS) is ignited through environmental factors‚ in Bill’s case the CS could be
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B.F. Skinner is well known for his work on behaviorism and operant conditioning. He also once said that free will was an illusion. He firmly believes that everything we do is because of conditioning. He was inspired by Pavlov and Watson’s work so much that he went to Harvard for it. B.F. Skinner first majored in literature‚ but then gave up on writing after struggling for a while. He then went to Harvard to get his degree in psychology. Skinner eventually graduated and got a job at the University
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During the mid-1800s‚ a German physiologist named Wilhelm Wundt was using scientific research methods to investigate reaction times. His book published in 1874‚ Principles of Physiological Psychology‚ outlined many of the major connections between the science of physiology and the study of human thought and behavior. He later opened the world’s first psychology lab in 1879 at the University of Leipzig. This event is generally considered the official start of psychology as a separate and distinct
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Personal Philosophy of Teaching EDU 202- 1001 University of Nevada‚ Las Vegas Personal Philosophy of Teaching Introduction The idea of teachers developing and executing personal philosophies in the classroom never crossed my mind as a young student. Sitting in class‚ I assumed there was simply one way to teach‚ and that that was how all teachers taught. All students can remember their favorite teachers‚ lessons‚ projects‚ as well as their least favorites‚ but it is doubtful that all students
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assignment it must explorer the different theories and models that relate to adult learning. The intention is to firstly explore the three main theories of human learning by describing‚ discussing and analysing each one. They are Behaviourism‚ Constructivism (cognitive) and Humanism. Behaviourism Behaviourists believe the environment controls behaviour‚ and that humans adapt to the environment and life experiences they encounter. How individuals learn is said
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