This is known as the guideline of intellectual consistency. Festinger quotes‚ "Cognitive dissonance can be seen as an antecedent condition which leads to activity oriented toward dissonance reduction just as hunger leads toward activity oriented toward hunger reduction” (Festinger‚ 1957). The cognitive dissonance theory there is a predisposition for people to look for consistency among their perceptions. At the point when there is an irregularity
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The Social Learning Theory Approach can be defined as learning behaviour from observing other people and how they are reinforced. This approach represents a shift from radical behaviourism as conditioning can’t account for all learning. The mental and cognitive processes play an important role in the Social Learning Theory as it is based on storing the behaviour along with the positive reinforcement we have seen in our memory and learning to do the behaviour this way‚ expecting the same reinforcement
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In the article‚ A Modern Learning Theory Perspective on the Etiology of Panic Disorder‚ by Bouton et al. (2001)‚ the authors discuss conditioning and how it correlates with the development of panic disorder. Bouton‚ Mineka‚ and Barlow focus mainly on the role of early classical conditioning episodes on the understanding of the etiology of the disorder. In the article‚ they emphasized on the three psychological theories of panic disorder and the modern learning theory for the development of panic
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we think about childrenâ€TMs learning and this affects the way in which we work with children. Some psychologists have arrived at different conclusions about the way children learn‚ some believe a child is born with a particular ability to learn‚ whilst others believe that the learning journey progresses better when more opportunities are presented‚ thus the debate of †̃nature v nurtureâ€TM was born. People who affected the way in which we view teaching and learning are: Skinner- operant conditioning
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According to Albert Bandura‚ observational learning is a learning process of identifying a model and reproducing their behaviour. Reproduction of the observed behaviour can result on the basis of whether the behaviour of the model carries with it positive or negative consequences. This can also be referred to as vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment of the model’s behaviour. An observer will more likely reproduce the actions of a model whose characteristics they find attractive or desirable
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UNIT 4 – TASK 1 2 INTRODUCTION 2 RELEVANT THEORIES OF LEARNING 2 (Neo-)Behaviourists 2 Humanists 2 Gestalt Theory 2 The Cognitivists 3 Other theories 3 COMMUNICATION THEORIES 3 Transactional Analysis (TA) and Teaching 3 Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) 4 CONCLUSION 4 UNIT 4 – TASK 2 5 INTRODUCTION 5 CURRENT SITUATION 5 THE FUTURE 7 How to apply the Humanist perspective? 7 How to apply the Cognitivist perspective? 7 UNIT 4 – TASK 3 9 INTRODUCTION 9 CURRENT SITUATION 9 WHAT I
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Describe Beck’s (1976) Schema theory and the predictions it would make about the cognitive biases of depressed and/or anxious individuals. Discuss at least two pieces of research that have examined cognitive biases in such individuals‚ and explain whether the findings are consistent with Beck’s predictions. Beck’s (1976) traditional model proposes unidirectional effects from cognitive constructs on depressive symptoms (Pössel‚ 2011). He identified three mechanisms (Beck and Alford‚ 2009) that
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Technique to Evaluate a Piagetian Hypothesis 1) The purpose of this paper is to use the habituation technique in young infants to evaluate one hypothesis derived from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. I will compare 5-months olds in a task that involves possible and impossible outcomes. Piaget’s theory specifies the cognitive competencies of children of this age.1a. Piaget stated that the sensorimotor stage happens from birth to about age two. Infants find the world with their fives senses and
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teaching methods illustrate Piaget’s theories through… active development Cognitive development is defined by Duchesne and McMaugh (2016) as a person’s capability to consider‚ comprehend and evoke the environment that we live in. This is impacted by experiences with physical item and actions‚ and also though social interaction with people around you. The concept of capability within children sparked Piaget’s interest and he began identifying a process of cognitive development through assessing how
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and social-economic factors. Question 2: Explain the increase in obesity rates from the viewpoints of two different theories of health related behavior.
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