developed: normative anddescriptive. The first approaches are called normative – Objectives (Tyler 1949) and the rational(Taba 1962 and Wheeler 1967) because they provide a sequence of steps. Thesehave technical interests of control. The procedural approach (Stenhouse 1975‚Walker 1972‚ Skilbeck 1976‚ Olivia 1976) which is discussed later in the lecture fallsinto the second category of descriptive approaches because it an interactive model. Differentiation between Process and Model:Process: Some synonyms
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BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH OR THE SOCIAL SCIENCE MOVEMENT Due to the fact that the classical and human relation approaches ignored the impact of social relations and of formal structure respectively‚ the behavioural perspective fused these approaches and added propositions drawn from psychology‚ sociology‚ political science‚ and economics. Such an approach differs from other behavioural sciences in its subject matter; worker behaviour in formal organizations. The pioneer of the behavioural approach to
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality This approach focuses on the behaviour of the person to explain psychological abnormalities. It believes that the behaviour is learnt‚ and therefore can be unlearnt. It focuses on 3 different things: classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning and social learning theory. Classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov through his work on animals. He explained the development of abnormal behaviours through stimulus-response associations
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The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. The cognitive behavioural approach to counselling therapy. Participant observation How do we really find out about the way of life of a group of people? One way is to join them – to participate in their daily activities & observe what they say and do. This research method is known as participant observation. It was used by John Howard Griffin (1960) a white journalist who dyed his skin black in order to discover what it was like
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to psychopathology. (12 marks) Behaviourists believe that all of a person’s complex behaviours are the result of learning through interaction with the environment. Behaviourists deal with the following forms of learning: classical conditioning and operant conditioning. In classical conditioning people learn to associate two stimuli when they occur together‚ such that the response originally elicited by one stimulus is transferred to another. The person
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Management Approach ------------------------------------------------- PERFORMANCE Overview and Strategy PepsiCo has the world’s largest portfolio of billion-dollar food and beverage brands‚ including 22 different brands that each generate more than $1 billion in annual retail sales. As well as our core brands—Pepsi-Cola‚ Lay’s‚ Quaker Oats‚ Tropicana and Gatorade—we make hundreds of other nutritious and delicious‚ convenient and fun foods and drinks that bring joy to our consumers in more than
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Behavioural Approach Behaviourism‚ otherwise known as the behaviourist approach‚ was the key concept in psychology between the 1920’s to 1950. Methodology and behavioural analysis were the underlying assumptions on which it was founded on (McLeod‚ 2007). Observable behaviour (i.e. external behaviour) is the basis of behaviourism. This behaviour is unlike thinking and emotion which links to internal events. These events (such as thinking) should be explained through behavioural terms or eliminated
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Discuss the Behavioural Approach to psychopathology. The behavioural approach to psychopathology suggests that only observational behaviour is important in trying to distinguish abnormal behaviour and like any other behaviour it is learnt through social learning and the processes of conditioning. Classical conditioning‚ ‘learning through association’ and operant conditioning‚ ‘learning through reinforcement’ are the two types of processes of conditioning used to show abnormal behaviour. Classical
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Index 1.0 Introduction 2.0 What is the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy approach? 3.0 Historical Development of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 4.0 The role of the counsellor in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy 1.0 Introduction Cognitive Behavioural Therapy‚ known as CBT is a common form of therapy used by the NHS in the UK. This assignment will describe what CBT is‚ where it came from and the role of the counsellor. 2.0 What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy? “CBT is a psychotherapy that is based on the
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researched the qualifications for the Presidential and Merit scholarships. These scholarships are granted to exceptional students excelling in high school. Fortunately‚ I was awarded the Presidential scholarship from Manhattan College due to my high academic achievements. Moreover‚ I applied to STEM scholarships at Stony Brook University. This scholarship is given to a rising senior who shows a strong aptitude in the science field. Overall‚ the merit and STEM scholarships are beneficial and will be used
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