Chapter 1 India on the Eve of British Conquest Maratha Power Sambhaji (1680 – 1689) * Elder son from first wife of shivaji; Raja Ram – second son from second wife * Kavi Kalash ‘Instigator of strife’ – Brahmin from north India; detested by Maratha leaders * 1681 – Renewed war with Mughals‚ raided Burhanpur and attempted attack on Ahmadnagar. * Politically isolated after fall of Bijapur and Golconda‚ troubled by internal conspiracies & uprisings – slowly lost grip on affairs of
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bits per quadruple word 4. Which of the following are true about random-access memory (RAM) as it is normally used inside a personal computer? A.Used for short term memory E. Is installed on the motherboard 5. This chapter describes the concepts behind how a CPU reads the contents from RAM. Which of the following is true about the process of read data. As described in the chapter? A.The CPU tells the RAM which address holds data that the CPU wants to read. 6. A user file has opened a word
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UPGRADING THE PC MEMORY • There are different varieties‚ shapes and voltages of RAM. • When planning an upgrade you need to ensure compatibility by considering the following points: Available slots • If the motherboard memory slots are full‚ it may not be possible to add more Memory or it may be necessary to remove some older‚ low capacity memory Modules to make way for new ones. Physical format • It is preferable to stick to the same module format. This format also determines how many modules
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The Basic Computer Hardware Central Processing Unit: The central unit is the basic part of the computer and includes all the main computer parts. It is the heart of the computer system. It is responsible for executing‚ or running the software. The software programs are translated into a series of codes made up of 1s to 0s that the CPU can understand. Every code means a certain operation should take place. A CPU has various discrete units to help it in these tasks for example there is an arithmetic
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1 shows a functional block of the internal operation of an 8051 microcomputer. The internal components of the chip are shown within the broken line box. ADDRESS BUS (External) 16 bit Internal Memory Memory Address Register (Uses P0 and P2) I-RAM General Registers STACK
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running graphics based software such as Photoshop. This is because all graphics based software such as Photoshop or illustrator demands RAM and CPU power. Furthermore‚ the card takes digital information from the OS resulting in what is shown to be the picture on the screen. It then produces a signal that the display understands. A graphics cardhas its own CPU and RAM and it affects the performance of the core CPU by processing its own graphics or at least assisting with the process.Colour depth is the
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chip and Southbridge chip. NorthBridge chip lies between a CPU and RAM. Its function is to mediate communication between a CPU‚ a video card and memory modules. Northbridge also determines what type of CPU a user can use and what type of RAM the user can put in. Northbridge also communicates with a slower SouthBridge chip. SouthBridge is also known as an Input Output Controller Hub. SouthBridge is further from the CPU and RAM and therefore it manages slower parts on the motherboard: USB‚ SATA
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Typically‚ this error is the result of a poorly written Windows 9x program that attempts to access another program’s memory space. Occasionally‚ this error indicates a problem with RAM. 5 When you’re speaking of RAM‚ what is a bank? A group of one or more memory slots. You must fill an entire bank when installing RAM. 6 Always handle memory modules by: Their edges‚ taking care not to touch the pins‚ components‚ or traces. 7 In a Rambus system‚ what must you do to meet banking requirements
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data storage support; therefore‚ computers have been designed to supply data through tiering memory and caches‚ which use the hard drive in combination with random access memory (RAM) to deliver massive amounts of data to the CPU. The speed of the RAM is crucial to the performance of data delivery; you want the most RAM at the fastest speed possible so the CPU is not waiting for information. Without your knowledge‚ employees in your office have installed several new software programs on their
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or simply select ( S ) input. A0 ADDRESS CONNECTION O0 O1 O2 OUTPUT OR INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTION A1 A2 AN ON CS WE OE WRITE SELECT READ MEMORY COMPONENT ILLUSTRATING THE ADDRESS‚ DATA AND ‚ CONTROL CONNECTIONS • • RAM memory generally has at least one CS or S input and ROM at least one CE . If the CE ‚ CS ‚ S input is active the memory device perform the read or write. M. Krishna Kumar/IISc. Bangalore M3/V1/June 04/1 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers/Interfacing
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