fine luxury items in bronze‚ ivory‚ gold and terracotta for both local use and trade. African society was based on a hierarchy. They had a wide variety of political arrangements including kingdoms‚ city-states and other organisations‚ each with their own languages and culture. Chief’s or King’s held the highest position in society they maintained peace and order‚ assigned jobs‚ collected tax and led wars to protect their tribes. The empire of Songhai and the kingdoms of Mali‚ Benin and Kongo were large
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The fall of the Songhay Empire starts chapter thirteen. The height of power was under Askiya Muhammad Ture‚ during the 16th century. Towards the late 16th century the royal power weakened‚ because of short reigns and dynastic disputes. This caused growth of rivals‚ which drew off trade from Songhay domination‚ gold from Akan forest to go to Europeans coast‚ and no external threat visible. The Moroccan invasion also contributed to the fall of Songhay. The Moroccan motive was to control and revive
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Africa Before European Arrival People of the early African kingdoms were able to create successful trade routes with Europe and Asia‚ become very wealthy from conquering and gaining land‚ and were able to have a strong central government. All of this was done before the Europeans had reached Africa. Trade flourished on the East African coast‚ especially when trading was established with India and Arabia. African kingdoms were prosperous‚ because of their success with not only trading but also
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|r| |Kainji Dam excavations revealed ironworking by the 2nd century BC. The transition from Neolithic times to the Iron |i| |Age apparently was achieved without intermediate bronze production. Others suggest the technology moved west from the|c| |Nile Valley‚ although the Iron Age in the Niger River valley and the forest region appears to predate the |k| |introduction of metallurgy in the upper savanna by more than
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Atlantic Ocean. He also promoted religious freedom. (Document 4) Hausa sculptures were thought of as wonderful because of all the different materials used to make them. A Hausa artisan used clay‚ wax‚ copper‚ zinc‚ and led to make a bronze sculpture. The bronzes of Benin were created using a lost-wax technique. In this technique an object was sculpted in wax‚ then covered in clay and baked. The wax was then filled with molten metal. Artists often portrayed warriors or
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B In no more than 500 words‚ after reading the following text‚ how can it tell us about cross-cultural encounters? --- This piece of text can offer a great deal of information on cross-cultural encounters between the Western world and the Benin people. It is an entry in the Encyclopaedia Britannica from the entry on ’Negro’‚ published in 1910-1911. The author was T.A. Joyce‚ an Assistant in the Department of Ethnography at the British Museum‚ at the time of publication. It was written aimed
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Before the arrival of Europeans‚ African empires‚ kingdoms‚ and cities were very wealthy‚ well educated‚ and had protection. Key Evidence & Support The gold and salt trade. Kingdom of Ghana gaining power and wealth‚ Mansa musa and his generosity. Benin figures were considered wonders; Leo Africanus described the well educated men in Timbuktu. Ibn Battuta writes about Mali’s no mercy to unjust people and their complete security. Group 1 Arab scholar‚ Al-Bakri writes about the ancient Ghana kingdoms
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3 October 2013 A Confident Black Man Dudley Felker Randall born in Washington‚ D.C.‚ January 14‚ 1914. The Randall’s moved to Detroit when Dudley was nine years old. Randall’s earliest recollection of composing a poem was when his mother took him to a band concert. Randall ’s poetry is illustrated by simplicity and realism. Randall’s date of birth was January 14‚ 1914 in Washington D.C. He was the son of Arthur George Clyde a (Congressional Minister)‚ and Ada Viola a teacher Randall. Randall’s
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remarkable Terra cotta pottery heads were made from fired clay. They came from the Nok culture of Nigeria that date from 500BCE-200BCE. I also found the art and history of Benin to be so amazing and advanced. Benin had a great style of art that was quite different from the other regions in the area. They produced many fine bronze and brass heads‚ figurines‚ brass plaques and much more. An interesting part of African art is how it is used to serve specific objectives in each geographic region.
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Essay Question Dayja Grays Period 4 12-7-12 The African empires‚ kingdoms‚ and cities had many great achievements before the arrival of the Europeans. African empires‚ kingdoms‚ and cities were very successful with trading and social structure. The kingdom of Ghana gained control over the trans-Saharan gold and slat trade (doc. #2).Ancient Ghana was a very complex empire it had many characteristics of a powerful nation needed as if of today’s nation. The empires wealth was based on the
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