adherence| | | |most happiness. |to a rule or rules. | | |Ethical thinker |Jeremy Bentham‚ John Stuart Mill |Immanuel Kant |Plato and Aristotle | |associated with |
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fairness of application‚ prescriptiveness‚ and justification‚ Kant’s ethical system‚ deontological ethics‚ has a strong sense of disputability because it relies solely on the person’s ability to reason out any moral claim to decide whether it is ethical. Kant believed that only through people’s reasoning and sense of duty and not through their emotions‚ which could vary from person to person‚ could a sense of universality be obtained. In this sense‚ by being required to reason the moral claim‚ disputability
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the friend lies to the woman and says he would use all the money to pay for the funeral. Now‚ is this lie ethical? Let’s start with the principle of individual rights. The source of this principle is the writing of Immanuel Kant‚ the German philosopher of the eighteen century. Kant had believed that our most important right as humans is our ability to think and make decisions. Unlike an animal‚each person has the power to make choices and think about what we are doing. Animal cannot think and decide
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Deontological ethics (Kant) key concept Categorical imperative- Act only on that maxim whereby thou canst at the same time will that is should become a universal law. What is the maxim that I am acting and should it be universal. (Apply it rationally) Ex. Person wants to cheat on the test based on the reason to pass and tries to make it a universal law‚ everyone cheats on the test. Borrowing- the maxim I will act on is lying saying that I can pay it back and then I would see if it could be universal
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Alan Watts FAMOUS AS: Philosopher‚ Writer & Speaker BORN ON: 06 January 1915 BORN IN: Chislehurst‚ Kent‚ England DIED ON: 16 November 1973 NATIONALITY: United Kingdom WORKS & ACHIEVEMENTS: Popular philosopher known for his Eastern philosophy and Zen teachings‚ Wrote famous books like The Way of Zen (1957)‚ Psychotherapy East and West (1961)‚ The New Alchemy (1958) and The Joyous Cosmology (1962). Alan Watts or Alan Wilson Watts was a British philosopher‚ writer‚ and speaker who
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LIBERALISM Varieties of Liberalism: Liberal thinking on international relations can be dimly perceived in the various plans for peace articulated by philisophers from the sixteenth century onwards.Such thinkers rejected the idea that conflict was a natural condition for relations between states‚one which could only be tamed by the careful management of power through balance of power policies and the construction of alliances against the state which threatened international order.In 1517 Erasmus
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Kant framed the doctrine of rights‚ which he believed were valid for both humans and nonhuman animals. The first of these is the right to claim property and stated that we could not use the natural resources without getting the permission of everyone who might compete with us for its use. Kant thought it would be inconsistent with our freedom‚ and therefore‚ there must be an agreement to allow every
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NORMATIVE ETHICAL THEORIES Objective • Discuss the normative ethical theories L2: Normative Ethical Theories Beliefs about how people should behave can be classified into at least 2 major categories: Teleological theories (Consequentialism) Right actions are those that produce the most or optimize the consequences of one’s choices. Behaviour is ‘ethical’ if it results in desirable behaviour 1. 2. 3. 4. Ethical egoism Ethical elitism Ethical parochialism Ethical universalism Deontological theories
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and debated since ancient times‚ the most modern theory is associated with the British philosopher John Stuart Mill (1806- 1873) and his mentor Jeremy Bentham (1748- 1832). According to Mill‚ the most basic principle of utilitarianism is that “actions are right to the degree that they tend to promote the greatest good for the greatest number.” Bentham has two significant features of his utilitarianism theory–act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism. Act utilitarianism states that when we are faced
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Press‚ 1981). · Hare‚ R.M.‚ The Language of Morals (Oxford: Oxford University Press‚ 1952) · Hobbes‚ Thomas‚ Leviathan‚ ed.‚ E. Curley‚ (Chicago‚ IL: Hackett Publishing Company‚ 1994). · Hume‚ David‚ A Treatise of Human Nature (1739-1740)‚ eds · Kant‚ Immanuel‚ Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals‚ tr‚ James W. Ellington (Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Company‚ 1985). · Locke‚ John‚ Two Treatises‚ ed.‚ Peter Laslett (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press‚ 1963) · MacIntyre‚ Alasdair‚ After
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