Kaitlin May Professor Bell Humanities 4332 22 April 2013 A Utilitarian Argument in Favor of Animal Experimentations Though it has been criticized for its standard‚ universal means of measuring moral predicaments‚ utilitarianism still remains one of the most persuasive means of assessing normative ethics. With that said‚ any and every ethical conundrum should be first looked at through a utilitarian lens. If a satisfying conclusion is reached using the utilitarian approach‚ then no other
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the plague represents a loss of order or the restoration it was for the purpose of services such as the public execution. It was because when plague strikes‚ the boundaries of normal and abnormal are blurred (Foucault 285). In comparison‚ Jeremy Bentham organized the “Panopticon” which is a facility that represented discipline and punishment in the prison society. Panopticon was described as a spheroid building with an observation tower in the center of an open area surrounded by an outer wall. The
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agencies‚ in which the purpose is to help pick an action to take. According to Utilitarianism‚ the action one should take show be the action that produces the most pleasure and the least pain for everyone involved. In order to make this decision‚ Bentham suggests using a hedonic calculus‚ through which you "...sum up the numbers expressive of the degree of good tendency‚ which the action has‚ with respect to each individual..." (198). This would then give you a number in which you can estimate how
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Bibliography: Bentham‚ J. (1816) ‘Anarchical Fallacies’ in ‘The Works of Jeremy Bentham’‚ (ed. John Bowring)‚ London: 1838-1843; Volume 2. Brown‚ C. (1999) ‘Universal Human Rights: A Critique’ in Dunne‚ T. and Wheeler‚ N. (eds) ‘Human Rights in Global Politics’. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
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When Oliver North was asked to explain why he lied to congressional committees about his role in the Iran-Contra affair‚ he replied‚ "Lying does not come easily to me. But we all had to weigh in the balance the difference between lies and lives." Elsewhere in his testimony‚ North was asked about the false chronology of events he fabricated when preparing a summary of the government’s involvement in arms sales to Iran: Questioner: . . . You have indicated that. . . in your own mind . . . it was a
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As a person‚ does a person have to suffer in order to know what true happiness is? Does a person have to lack of physical or spiritual things in order to know what real pleasure is? What is pleasure? What is happiness? For hedonism philosophers‚ the main goal has been to reach a state of form of pleasure‚ while for utilitarianism philosophers the ultimate goal in life is to find happiness. Both‚ which seem reasonable goals to live by each day. But what does hedonism and utilitarianism mean‚ what
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(1995). The Province of Jurisprudence Determined‚ Ed. W.E. Rumble. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Hart‚ H.L.A. (1965). Book Review of The Morality of Law‚ 78 Harvard Law Review: Harvard Law University Press. Hart‚ H.L.A. (1982). Essays on Bentham‚ Oxford: Clarendon Press. Hart‚ H.L.A. (1958). Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals‚ 71 Harvard Law Review 593: Harvard Law University Press. Himma‚ K.E. (2002). Inclusive Legal Positivism in Coleman‚J and Shapiro‚S. (eds.)‚ The Oxford
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throughout history" (Koch 197). He does go on to name some "great thinkers‚" but he never proves what they supposedly said or why they said it. He names another man by the name of Jeremy Bentham and describes him as ambivalent‚ but that is all. He forgets to inform us‚ the average college student‚ just exactly who Jeremy Bentham is‚ what he does‚ (or did‚) and just what exactly did he have to do to back up his fact that "the Torah specifies capitol punishment" (Koch 197). Since Mr. Koch is trying to use this
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During the Enlightenment‚ English Philosophers John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) and Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) were leading propers of Utilitarianism. Utilitarianism is the belief that a morally good action is the one that helps the greatest amount of people and produce the greatest amount of happiness‚ for the greatest amount of people. John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham were known as utilitarians‚ they believe “that actions are right in the proportion as they tend to promote happiness‚ wrong as they
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are fundamental characteristics of people and the principal basis for their behavior. In other words‚ people have free will‚ make choices and pursue their own interests. Beccaria and Jeremy Bentham also applied these ideas to crime‚ arguing that people freely chose to offend. According to Beccaria and Bentham‚ people’s decisions to offend are guided by calculations that weigh the pleasure they hope to obtain from criminal acts against the potential pain they would receive if they were caught and
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