Introduction: This experiment focuses on carrying out a Perkin Reaction to synthesize (E) and (Z) isomers of α-phenylcinnamic acid. This was accomplished by refluxing benzaldehyde‚ phenylacetic acid‚ acetic anhydride and triethylamine as a base. The chemical equation of a Perkin Reaction can be seen below. The reaction mechanism for the synthesis of α-phenylcinnamic acid is shown below: Results: Theoretical Yield Therefore‚ phenylacetic acid is the limiting reagent. Table
Premium Functional group Acetic acid Solvent
proton‚ and cannot ionize. So‚ it prefers the organic phase. Essential oils from plant materials are used today for medicinal and other purposes. Among these oils are camphor‚ quinine‚ oil of cloves‚ cedarwood‚ turpentine‚ cinnamon‚ gum benzoin‚ and myrrh. The U.S. FDA has declared clove oil to be the most effective remedy for a toothache. Substances 25 g whole cloves (350 g per lab section) 100 ml DI water (1.5 L per lab section) 10 ml 5% NaOH (150 ml per lab section) 45 ml
Premium Distillation
The purpose of this experiment was to perform a wittig reaction‚ the horner-emmons wittig specifically‚ reacting an aldehyde with an ylide to make an alkene. This particular variation of the wittig reaction has several advantages: It gives only the trans product; it uses a much milder base that is easier to handle; and it gives a water soluble byproduct which is easy to separate from the product. The reason that these advantages occur is a change in the structure of the ylide. Instead of a tripheylphosphine
Premium Aldehyde Chemistry Alkene
natural laxative‚ aid digestion‚ help to relieve the symptoms of pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS)‚ help to fight cancer and the juice kills roundworms and bacteria Japanese scientists have isolated an anti-cancer chemical contained in figs called ‘benzaldehyde’‚ which is used to treat advanced cancer patients. Other researchers have isolated enzymes known as ‘ficins’ in figs‚ which aids digestion. The high fibre in figs makes them a perfect natural laxative. Fibre also makes you feel full‚ so eating
Premium Nutrition Dietary fiber Hypertension
1 HIGHER SECONDARY MODEL EXAMINATION HSE II Max.marks: 60 CHEMISTRY Time: 2.45 hrs General instructions All questions are compulsory Cool-off time is 15 minutes 1] Defects modify the properties of crystals [4 marks] A] Give differences between Schottky and Frenkel defects [2.0] B] On heating zinc oxide becomes yellow in colour. Why? [1.0 ] C] Alkali metal halides on heating in presence of alkali metal produce characteristic colours.Give reason [1.0] 2] Colligative
Premium Reaction rate Chemistry Chemical reaction
PERFUME Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds‚ fixatives‚ and solvents used to give the human body‚ animals‚ objects‚ and living spaces a pleasant scent The Fragrance wheel is a relatively new classification method that is widely used in retail and in the fragrance industry. The method was created in 1983 by Michael Edwards‚ a consultant in the perfume industry‚ who designed his own scheme of fragrance classification.The new scheme was created in order to simplify
Premium Perfume Odor
Guava is a small tropical tree that grows up to 35 feet tall; it is widely grown for its fruit in tropics. It is a member of the Myrtaceae family‚ with about 133 genera and more than 3‚800 species. The leaves and bark of P. guajava tree have a long history of medicinal uses that are still employed today (Nwinyi et al.‚ 2008). In the view of the immense medicinal importance of P. guajava plant evidenced in the various studies mentioned above and also corroborated in a recent review article by Kamath
Premium Fruit Forest Rainforest
Chemistry GENERAL CHEMISTRY: Atomic Structure and elementary quantum mechanics: Blackbody radiation‚ Planck’s radiation law‚ photoelectric effect‚ Compton Effect‚ de Broglie’s hypothesis‚ Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Postulates of quantum mechanics‚ Schrodinger wave equation and a particle in a box‚ energy levels‚ wave functions and probability densities‚ Schrodinger wave equation for H-atom‚ Separation of variables‚ Radial and angular functions‚ hydrogen like wave functions‚ quantum numbers
Premium Chemistry Scientific method
What is the Difference between Flammable and Combustible Liquids? Put simply‚ flammable and combustible liquids are liquids that can burn. The real difference lies within their flash point range‚ or lowest temperature at which vapours of the material will ignite when supplied with an ignition source. Flammable and combustible liquids are utilised in most workplaces‚ from manufacturing to retail and service entities. To ensure the safety of property‚ people‚ and the environment‚ both flammable
Premium Ethanol Ethanol Gas
characterized by redness‚ watering‚ and itching. Potential Chronic Health Effects: Very hazardous in case of eye contact (irritant). Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant). Slightly hazardous in case of ingestion‚ of inhalation Benzaldehyde Flammability of the Product: Combustible. Auto-Ignition Temperature: 192°C (377.6°F) Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 64.4°C (147.9°F). OPEN CUP: 73.9°C (165°F). Flammable Limits: LOWER: 1.4% Products of Combustion: These products are carbon
Premium Vapor pressure Temperature Water