provide proof of benzene with a nitro group is present in Crop 1. Introduction: In this experiment an electrophilic aromatic substitution is performed. This is done by having the benzene ring attacked by an electrophile creating a carbocation intermediate within the benzene ring that is stabilized by resonance1. During the reaction hydrogen on the benzene ring is replaced with the electrophile used in the reaction1. These reactions are dictated by the functional groups attached to benzene as they direct
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Also known as "benzoate of soda‚" sodium benzoate is an FDA-approved‚ polyunsaturated fat that has been used by food manufacturers for over 80 years to inhibit microbial growth. As a food additive it is used as a preservative‚ effectively killing most yeasts‚ bacteria and fungi. Sodium benzoate is effective only in acidic conditions (pH < 3.6) making its use most prevalent in foods such as preserves‚ salad dressings (vinegar)‚ carbonated drinks (carbonic acid)‚ jams (citric acid)‚ fruit juices (citric
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smoke. The nine agents reported are benzene‚ cadmium‚ arsenic‚ nickel‚ chromium‚ 2-naphthyl-amine‚ vinyl chloride‚ 4-aminobiphenyl and beryllium. The reported yields of each of these nine agents in mainstream smoke varies widely. The range of yields reported for a given compound is influenced by the type of cigarette tested and when the analysis was conducted. In micrograms/cigarette‚ the ranges that have been reported for each of the nine compounds are: benzene (0.05–104)‚ cadmium (0–6.67)‚ arsenic
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10 78 2 20 78 3 30 78-100 4 40 100 5 50 100 For A compound = 78-82oC For B compound = 100oC 4. What is the mole fraction of each component if 3.9g of benzene(C6H6) is dissolved in 4.6g of toluene (C7H8) Mole of benzene=3.9g\(6*12+6)g\mol = 0.05 mol Moles of toluene=4.6g\(7*12+8)g\mol =0.05 mol Mole fraction of benzene=mole fraction of toluene = 0.05\(0.05+0.05)
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this lab experiment is to prepare salicylic acid from the natural starting material‚ methyl salicylate‚ and compare it with the salicylic acid produced from the artificial compound benzene (obtained through petroleum refining). Based on the two reactions of aspirin synthesis shown below‚ methyl salicylate and benzene share a common intermediate which is salicylic acid: In order to prepare salicylic acid from wintergreen oil‚ an organic synthesis must be carried out. This is done first by separating
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com/how_to_grow_vegetables/how_to_grow_bush_beans.php>. This site was very helpful and gave both of us knowledge on how to grow beans for our science experiment. "Facts About Benzene." CDC. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention‚ n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2012. <http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp>. This site provided information on how benzene is produced both naturally and by human activities. It is found in exhaust and gasoline fumes. "Gas Safety in the Home." Gas Safety in the Home. N.p.‚ n
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presence of a phenol- OH attached to a benzene ring ) WM4-Instrumental analysis Instrumental analysis includes – mass spectrometry / infrared spectroscopy / nuclear magnetic resonance N.M.R.S Investigates the different chemical environment in which the nuclei of one particular element is situated N.m.r spectrum-it shows the salicylic acid contains – one proton in a COOH environment / one proton in a phenolic environment / 4 protons attached to a benzene ring – Limitation of this technique is
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UNIVERSITY OF THE GAMBIA LECTURE NOTES COURSE: PRINCIPLES OF CHEMISTRY II (ORGANIC CHEMISTRY) CODE: CHM 161 2ND SEMESTER SESSION: 2012/2013 LECTURER: ANTHONY F. ADJIVON UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION Organic chemistry started as the chemistry of life‚ when that was thought to be different from the chemistry in the laboratory. Then it became the chemistry of carbon compounds‚ especially those found in coal. Now it is both. It is the chemistry of the compounds of carbon along with other elements
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and an ether group. The phenol group is a benzene ring with the attachment of an OH to the ring; the ether group is oxygen bonded to two R groups on either side of it. THC contains 20 sigma bonds and four pi bonds. Three rings are present as well‚ two cyclohexene rings and one benzene ring. Attached to the first cyclohexene ring is one methyl group. On the second cyclohexene ring‚ two methyl groups are present as well as the ether group. On the benzene ring‚ the hydroxyl group is the substituent
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OH (a) Insert a glowing splint into the hydrocarbon hydrocarbons: Burns with smoky flame Aromatic hydrocarbons (b) Add concentrated nitric(v) acid and concentrated sulphuric acid at 55 °C: Yellow oil with bitter almond smell produced benzene NO2 + HNO3 (HONO2) Alkylbenzenes – CH3 CH3 + H2O Add alkaline KMnO4 and boil: Decolourisation of KMnO4; brown precipitate of MnO2 formed ⎯ CH3 + 3[O] methylbenzene H2SO4 ⎯ COOH + H2O Comment Oxidation of the side
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