Effects to the water quality Oils consist of a complex mixture of hydrogen and carbon which is used for fuel‚ lubrication‚ plastics manufacturing‚ and many other purposes. These petroleum products get into water mainly by means of accidental spills from ships‚ tanker trucks‚ pipelines‚ and leaky underground storage tanks Petroleum products affect surface water‚ impairing water quality with hydrocarbons‚ salts‚ nutrients‚ a host of organic compounds‚ and various heavy metals. Immediately after
Premium Petroleum Exxon Valdez oil spill
news reached Perrier’s executive suite that traces of benzene had been found in its bottled water. Ronald Davis‚ President of Perrier Group of America ordered an intensive recall of all Perrier bottles in North America. Few days later Perrier S.A. expands the recall to the rest of the world. At first the excuse given by Perrier officials was that the contamination occurred because an employee mistakenly used cleaning fluid containing benzene to clean the production-line machinery that fills bottles
Premium Water Carbon dioxide Mineral water
When should we discard explanations that are intuitively appealing? Intuition is a moment of insight when one makes decisions without going through any conscious or deliberate process of reasoning. The process of intuition isn’t fully understood‚ sometimes referred to as a ‘gut feeling’ and it is a phenomenon which can only be explained by the sub-conscious‚ or by accepting that sometimes knowledge is not procured by an active systematic process. There are several types of intuition – core intuitions
Premium Scientific method Logic
Richard F. Daley and Sally J. Daley www.ochem4free.com Organic Chemistry Chapter 2 Introduction to Organic Nomenclature and Functional Groups 2.1 Drawing Organic Structures 73 2.2 Alkanes 77 2.3 Structural Isomerism 77 2.4 IUPAC Nomenclature 79 2.5 Naming Alkanes 80 2.6 Naming Cycloalkanes 87 2.7 Naming Complex Alkyl Groups 2.8 Functional Groups 97 2.9 Naming Alkenes and Alkynes 2.10 Naming Alkenes‚ Part II 108 2.11 Arenes 109 2.12 Organohalogens 113 2.13 Using Molecular
Premium Organic chemistry Carbon Chemical bond
Hydrobenzoin Peaks (cm-1) | Stretches | Intensity | 3332 (cm-1) | O—H stretch | Strong and broad | 3027 | C—H stretch | Medium and Weak | 14450-1620 (cm-1) | Benzene ring stretch | Medium | Benzil Peaks (cm-1) | Stretches | Intensity | 3062 (cm-1) | Csp2—H stretches | Strong | 1677 (cm-1) | C==O stretch | Strong | 1445 | Benzene ring stretch | Strong | 936
Premium Alcohol Hydrogen Oxygen
Abstract – This multi-step synthesis uses aniline as the starting reagent to synthesize five compounds employing several reactions such as acetylation‚ diazo coupling‚ nitration‚ bromination‚ and hydrolysis. The isolated products were analyzed with TLC and spectral data that determined most products were pure while some had a few impurities indicated by GC‚ LC‚ and a wide melting point range was shown for products 2 and 3. The presence of water in product 2 and 7 was indicated by the IR. Acetanilide
Premium Chemistry Chemical reaction Oxygen
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals. It is central to modern world economy‚ converting raw material (oil‚ natural gas‚ air‚ water‚ metals‚ and minerals) into more than 70‚000 different products. The chemical industry is a key contributor to the world economy. It is a knowledge-based industry with significant investments in R&D. The industry supplies to virtually all sectors of the economy. In terms of consumption‚ the chemical industry
Premium Chemical industry Petrochemical Petroleum
Deep into the pockets of his jeans he grabs for that last dime to purchase his number one habit. As he walks out of the store he searches for his lighter to calm his craving. It ’s time to light up. But if he only knew what was going into his body‚ would he really want to calm this craving? One might say that he smokes "light" cigarettes because they aren ’t as bad as the "regular" cigarettes. In all cases this is not true. All cigarettes have the same effects on the body whether one smokes
Premium Cigarette Oxygen Nicotine
Sulphonation – The Process Most electrophilic substitution reactions are irreversible but sulfonation is an exception. Treatment of benzene with "oleum" (a solution of SO3 in concentrated sulfuric acid) will give the sulfonic acid‚ the electrophilic species being sulfur trioxide which is Lewis acidic. Fig – 1 Sulphonation : Benzene equation The sulfonic acid can be converted back by treatment with hot aqueous acid. The reason for this reversibility is the fact that the Wheland intermediate is overall
Premium Sulfuric acid Oxygen Sulfur
Several organic compounds with different functional groups were tested to identify the functional groups present in the compound. n-heptane‚ pentene‚ benzene‚ heptanol‚ sec-butanol‚ phenol‚ acetyl chloride‚ buteraldehyde‚ benzaldehyde‚ 2-butanone‚ propanoic acid‚ sucrose‚ diethyl ether‚ butyl bromide‚ acetonitrile‚ L-alanine‚ n-amyl acetate‚ benzene sulfonyl chloride and aniline were used as test compounds. Observations were noted‚ such as changes in color and product formation. Iodine test‚ bromine
Premium