Introduction Acetic anhydride is a colorless liquid with a pungent vinegar-like odor when it reacts with water to form acetic acid. The boiling point of acetic anhydride is 140°C and the melting point is -73°C. It is soluble in ether‚ chloroform and benzene. It is soluble in water when acetic anhydride decomposes. The density of acetic anhydride is 1.082 g/ml in liquid state and its molecular weight is 102.09 g/mol. Acetic anhydride is most widely used for the conversion of cellulose to cellulose acetate
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NITRATION OF METHYL BENZOATE Purpose: The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize methyl nitrobenzoate from methyl benzoate‚ using the mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid by performing the process of electrophillic aromatic substitution. During this reaction‚ the combination of HNO3 and H2SO4 made a nitrating solution. The crystallization was done to accomplish pure product. The melting point and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) were performed to test the purity of the product. Using
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modify itself to 92 percent but it is implemented only in seven states. Secondly ‚bottled water damage humans health. These bottles are made in refineries . 700 million gallons of oil used to make plastic bottles. These bottles have chemicals like benzene‚ toluene‚ BPA and many more. These chemicals lead human to the diseases like cancer ‚ diabetes‚ brain disorder etc. The people who live near those refineries are suffering from sure diseases like skin problems and breathing problems. Also the birth
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of the meat sold in stores from baleen whales‚ which are low trophic feeders‚ to dolphins which are high trophic feeders‚ subjects those eating this meat to high levels of heavy metals‚ such as mercury‚ and organochlorines like PCBs‚ dioxins and benzenes. People are conducting tests on meat taken from dolphins killed at Taiji‚ Japan and sold for human consumption. We are also testing hair samples of people who eat whale and dolphin meat to check for levels of contaminants. These tests are conducted
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dipoles allows amides to function as H-bond donors as well. Therefore‚ atenolol is the most polar drug and can be assigned the lowest log P value i.e. 0.16. Propanolol is the least polar drug because it contains non-polar aromatic functional group. Benzene is rendered non-polar due to its high structural symmetry of pi system of p-orbitals that distributes the charge equally along the ring. Therefore‚ propranolol can be assigned the highest log P value i.e. 3.21. Metoprolol is more polar than propranolol
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Lecture # 1 Organic Chemistry- 1. It is a science that deals with the study of Carbon compounds but not all compounds containing under organic compounds. Non-Organic Compounds a. CO- Carbon monoxide b. CO2- Carbon dioxide c. CO3- Carbonates d. HCO3- Hydrogen carbonates e. CN- -Cyanides 2. There are over millions of compounds and inorganic is approximately 100‚000. 3. A science that deals with matter obtained from natural or living sources. 4. Study of Carbon Compounds
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Exploring the Chemical Abilities of Morphine Morphine‚ a narcotic analgesic drug mainly used in medicine for pain relief‚ was first used alone in the early 1800s (author?2006). Prior to this‚ morphine was merely a component in opium‚ which was extracted from the seeds of an opium poppy. Opium has been known to ease pain for millennia‚ and its primary use as an analgesic in surgeries has been weird word here alive for centuries(Norn S‚ Kruse PR‚ Kruse E.‚ 2005). One of the first recorded listings
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Table of content Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction …………………………………………page 5 Chapter 2 2.1.0 Trends of Industry …………………………………. 2.1.1 Increasing in the demand for petrochemical product ……page 6 2.1.2 Lesser price elasticity ………………………………………page 6 2.1.3 Oversupply ………………………………………………….page 6‚ 7 2.1.4 Lean and Mean ……………………………………………..page 7 2.1.5 Merge and Acquisition ……………………………………..page 7 2.1.6 Rush to the market for funds ……………………………...page 7‚ 8 2.2.0 Effects of the government
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Lab 3: Solubility of Organic Compounds Objectives: Understanding the relative solubility of organic compounds in various solvents. Exploration of the effect of polar groups on a nonpolar hydrocarbon skeleton. Introduction: The solubility of a solute (a dissolved substance) in a solvent (the dissolving medium) is the most important chemical principle underlying three major techniques you will study in the organic chemistry laboratory: crystallization‚ extraction‚ and chromatography.
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3.13 Test for Saponin glycosides 2g of dried plant powder add 5ml of distill water shake vigorously. Persistent of foam indicate the presence of saponin glycosides. 3.14 Test for Steroids (Salkowski’s test) 5ml of test solution add with 2ml of Chloroform and then Conc. H2SO4 sides of the test tubes. The appearance of color at the interface indicates the presence of steroids. 3.15 Experimental Procedure for preliminary Phytochemical studies (Brindha et al.‚ 1981) S. No Name of the Test
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