using phosphoric acid‚ an acid catalyst. The reaction is as follows: [pic] The dehydration of cyclohexanol was performed in a simple distillation apparatus. As cyclohexene formed‚ it was distilled out of the mixture. Background Dehydration is an elimination reaction of an alcohol that takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst. In this experiment‚ 85% phosphoric acid was used as the acid catalyst. The alcohol dehydration required an acid catalyst and heat and the reaction
Free Distillation
Was the Great Depression was the catalyst for the growth of Nazi support? The Great depression of 1030 left Germany’s economy badly damaged. During the early 1930s Germany experienced a time of economic downturn. Unemployment was high and the economy was failing‚ many Germans could not even afford basic necessities such as food. This essay shall discuss whether the Great Depression was the catalyst for the growth of Nazi support. It is obvious that many Germans suffered because of the depression
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explore reflecting the complexity of changing self is that a change in self can involve a shift whether physical‚ emotional‚ social or intellectual change. Further‚ the texts explore the idea that a change in self can be facilitated by an external catalyst. The novel “Willow Tree and Olive” by Irini Savvides explores the idea that changing self can involve a shift whether physical‚ emotional‚ and social or an intellectual change. Initially‚ Olive has experienced some trauma in her past‚ and only
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Analysis techniques 15 3.1 catalyst characterization methods 15 3.1.1 XRD 15 3.1.2 BET 15 3.1.3 SEM 15 3.2 bio mass and bio oil analysis methods 15 3.2.1 TGA (Thermo-gravimetric analysis) 15 3.2.2 FT-IR 16 3.2.3 GC-MS analysis 16 4. Experimental and modeling studies on wheat strew biomass 17 4.1 Sample measurement 17 4.2 Kinetic modeling 18 4.3 Data calculation 22 5. Result and Discussion 24 5.1 Result 24 5.2 Conclusion 28 6. Catalyst Preparation 29 6.1 Synthesizing
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organisms‚ the enzymes‚ because of their highly specialized characteristics and crucial roles‚ are among the most well known. The enzymes serve as catalysts for biochemical reactions in living organisms. In this role‚ they direct and regulate the thousands of reaction providing for energy transformation‚ synthesis‚ and metabolic degradation. As catalysts‚ the enzymes excel all other chemicals in power and specificity. Salivary amylase is the enzyme produced by the salivary glands. Formerly known
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Phosphate and Benzyl Benzoate with Phase-Transfer Catalyst in Heterogeneous Liquid-Liquid Reaction System S a t o r u Asai‚’ Hidemi Nakamura‚ Mitsunori Tanabe‚ and Kenji Sakamoto Department of Chemical Engineering‚ University of Osaka Prefecture‚ Sakai‚ Osaka 593‚Japan The synthetic reactions of triphenyl phosphate from diphenylphosphoryl chloride and sodium phenoxide and of benzyl benzoate from benzyl chloride and sodium benzoate with phase-transfer catalyst were studied in a heterogeneous liquid-liquid
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covering large ranges of reactions‚ notably hydrogenations‚ hydrodesulfurisation‚ esterifications and etherification. Various commercial methods for packing heterogeneous catalyst in columns are now available. The systems comprise amongst others: multiple catalyst systems‚ gas and liquid internal recycle traffic over these catalyst systems‚ separation‚ mass flow‚ and enthalpy exchange. These are
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Name: 1. List the three layers of a typical hierarchical design model : Access‚ Distribution‚ Core . 2. Describe the characteristics and the main purpose of the Access Layer: Interface with end devices to provide access to the rest of the network. Is to provide a means of connecting devices to the network and controlling which devices are allowed to communicate on the network. 3. Describe the characteristics and the main purpose of the Distribution Layer: Controls the flow of network traffic using
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AS Chemistry Revision-Chemistry for Life 1. Avagadro constant‚ 6.02 x 10²³ number of particles in 1 mole of a substance 2. Empirical formula-simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a compound 3. 4. Model of an atom Particle Mass on relative atomic scale Charge Proton 1 1+ Neutron 1 0 Electron Very small (0.00055) 1- 5. Radioactive isotopes Radiation What is it? Relative charge How does the nucleus change? Stopped by? Deflection in electric field? Alpha α Helium nuclei ⁴₂He +2 2 fewer
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concentrations‚ poisons the noble metal catalysts platinum and rhenium in the catalytic reforming units that are subsequently used to upgrade the of the naphtha streams . Most metals in catalysis HDS is those at the middle of the transition metal series that are most active. Ruthenium disulfide appears to be the single most active catalyst‚ but binary combinations of cobalt and molybdenum are also highly active. Aside from the basic cobalt-modified catalyst‚ nickel and tungsten are also used‚ depending
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