Catalytic Converter A.P.P Assessment Catalytic converters are used in cars to reduce pollution and toxic gases‚ such as carbon monoxide. Here are the reactions that happen inside a catalytic converter: 2NOx(g) → xO2(g) + N2(g) – this is the reduction of nitrogen oxides. 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g) – this is the changing of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide. There are different views on catalytic converters. The two main views are the environmental view‚ and the economic view. The environmental view
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metals donate electrons readily. In organic chemistry‚ there are very diverse reductants. For example‚ in a catalytic reduction to reduce carbon-carbon double or triple bonds‚ the main reductant would be hydrogen gas (H2) coupled with Lindlar’s catalysts (palladium‚ platinum or nickel). Hydrogenation reduces most types of multiple bonds. Another method of
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competitive advantage by developing formal digital strategies that support key corporate business and marketing objectives. By proactively measuring and optimizing these digital strategies and programs‚ maximum return on investment can be achieved. CATALYST EAST COAST Background Corporate investments on internet-oriented marketing and sales initiatives over the past 15 years have increased from virtually nothing in the mid-90s to millions of dollars annually at big companies. Today‚ digital
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Science investigation Aim: To try to see if the temperature affects the rate in which Amylase breaks down starch into maltose. In this reaction starch is the substrate and maltose is the product. Amylase is an enzyme‚ Enzymes‚ also called catalysts‚ are in living things and there are thousand of them. Enzymes break down food by the active site on the Enzyme forming a chemical bond with a substrate and then water attacks the substrate until it is hydrolysed (split in 2). Equipment: Boiling
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hydrolysis a reverse reaction of esterification occurs. To ensure the reaction is complete an acid catalyst is commonly used. The catalyst is usually concentrated sulphuric acid. This experiment covered 4 techniques; they are distillation‚ refluxing‚ extraction‚ and esterification. Firstly‚ esterification and refluxing‚ the acid and alcohol are first warmed and mixed together with the sulphuric acid catalyst then attached it to a reflux condenser for a period of time. Then extraction‚ chloroform was
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Christina Grello With the dramatically increasing population it is extremely important that we find a low-cost‚ carbon-neutral fuel. American chemist Dr. Daniel Nocera has devoted his career to finding this alternative energy source using photosynthesis as his inspiration. Photosynthesis‚ the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose‚ is arguably one of the most important chemical reactions on earth. The maintenance of life on earth‚ our food‚ oxygen‚ and fossil
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Def: An enzyme is a protein formed by the body that acts as a catalyst to cause a certain desired reaction. Enzymes are very specific. Each enzyme is designed to initiate a specific response with a specific result. There are many enzymes in the human body. In cystic fibrosis‚ the term enzyme generally refers to the enzymes created by the pancreas that are intended to initate a reaction that digests food. Structure :The basic mechanism by which enzymes catalyze chemical reactions begins with
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concentration and catalysts on the rate of a reaction. State and explain qualitatively the Maxwell-Boltzmann energy distribution curve for a fixed amount of gas at different temperatures and its consequence for changes in the reaction rate. Students should be able to explain why the area under the curve is constant and does not change with temperature. Describe the effect of a catalyst on a chemical reaction. Sketch and explain Maxwell-Boltzmann curves for reactions with and without catalysts. 6.1.1 6
Free Chemical kinetics Chemical reaction Rate equation
Agents Of Spoilage 1.Microorganism A microorganism (from the Greek: μικρός‚ mikros‚ "small" and ὀργανισμός‚ organismós‚ "organism") or microbe is a microscopic organism‚ which may be a single cell[1] or multicellular organism. The study of microorganisms is called microbiology‚ a subject that began with Antonie van Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microorganisms in 1675‚ using a microscope of his own design. On 8 November 2013‚ scientists reported the discovery of what may be the earliest signs of life
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com Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to synthesize isopentyl acetate via Fischer esterification reaction between acetic anhydride and isoamyl alcohol‚ using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst. This reaction is characterized by the combining of an alcohol and an acid (with an acid catalyst) to yield and ester plus water. In order to accomplish this reaction‚ the reactants were refluxed for 30 minutes at 80 degrees Celsius ‚to yield a mixture‚ the mixture was then mixed with sodium hydrogen
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