ratio. The Herfindahl index‚ another indicator of firm size‚ has a fair amount of correlation to the concentration ratio. The four-firm concentration ratio is an indicator of the size (as measured by output or sales) of the four largest firms within an industry‚ compared to the output of the entire industry. It is determined as follows: CR4=(X1+X2+X3+X4)/T where Xn is the output of the nth largest firm and T is the total output of the industry. The Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is a market concentration
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services were significantly lower than nowadays. The quantity of produced goods and services within the state shows the GDP. But how to measure the total cost of living? To answer this question we need to find out how to turn dollar into consumer price index (a relevant unit which measures the overall cost of goods and services purchased by a customer) to be able to compare cost of living over the time. Inflation – situation when total cost of goods and services increases. In this way expenditures of
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pay a higher or a lower price for the same goods or services. Very often we use index numbers to indicate these changes. In Form 4‚ we have learnt about Index Number from Chapter 11 in Additional Mathematics. Do you know what exactly Index Number is? Well‚ an index number is an economic data figure reflecting price or quantity compared with a standard or base value. The base usually equals to 100 and the index number is usually expressed as 100 times the ratio to the base value. For example
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price as the reference value‚ the gasoline price index for 1998 is 195.1 What was the cost of a gallon of gas in 1988 Index number = value / reference value x 100 Reference value = 55.6 Reference value in dollars = 55.6 / 100 = 0.556 *divide price given in cents by 100 to find the price in dollars * value = reference value x index number / 100 Calculate the cost of a gallon of gas in 1998 1990 price = 1975 price x index number / 100 0.556 x 195.1 / 100
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of Labor Statistics made the first attempt to gather data on the cost of living in the United States‚ introducing the cost-of-living index. In 1944 the government changed the name of its measurement from the "cost-of-living index" to the "consumer price index" (CPI)‚ when a presidential committee made a comprehensive study and concluded that the cost-of-living index did not reflect all changes in living costs.” (US History Encyclopedia‚ 2010). The difference in currency can also affect the
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Every living organism has a physiological rhythm. Some animal rhythms span from about a day (circadian) and other animal rhythms span to about a year (circannual). A physiological rhythm could mean the temperature of the species‚ frequency of movement‚ brain activity‚ etc. Most animals are active during the day time and some are more active during the night (Erkert‚ 2008). For example‚ a monkey increases its muscular movement during the day making the monkey more of a daytime animal (Krilowicz and
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procedures that answer questions regarding Snell’s Law and the index of refraction. Ultimately‚ the experimental procedures you develop will allow the index of refraction to be found for water and cooking oil. 1. Explain how to experimentally determine the index of refraction of two substances. 2. Develop a set of experimental procedures to find the index of refraction for water and cooking oil. 3. Calculate the index of refraction using Snell’s Law. 4. Explain critical angle and
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tests in order to identify the species in question. The tests being: determining the boiling point using two methods (distillation and capillary tube)‚ determining the refractive index‚ and obtaining UV/VIS and FT-IR absorption spectra. After the results from the various tests are obtained‚ the boiling point and refractive index should be compared to literature data while the absorption spectra should be analyzed. Finally‚ this should allow the group to accurately identify the nature of the chemical species
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third index‚ the Marshall–Edgeworth index (named for economists Alfred Marshall and Francis Ysidro Edgeworth)‚ tries to overcome these problems of under- and overstatement by using the arithmetic means of the quantities: Marshall price index = ∑pnqo+∑pnqn ∑poqo+∑poqn * 100 Fisher’s index number: A fourth‚ the Fisher index (after the American economist Irving Fisher)‚ is calculated as the geometric mean of PP and PL: * 100 * 100 Fisher’s index is also
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Structure Conduct Performance EE481: Industrial Economics SCP and NEIO Dr. Wanwiphang Manachotphong Department of Economics‚ Thammasat University 6 Sep 2013 Dr. Wanwiphang Manachotphong EE481: SCP and NEIO Structure Conduct Performance Homework (Problem 1) Due Date: Friday 13 Sep‚ before 2pm at the BE office. Problem 1: Given the following travel requirements You have to take a flight from Bangkok to ChiangMai on Friday September 13th. AND You have to leave between 8:00
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