combustion occurs efficiently when the fuel is injected just before TDC. However the rate of NO formation may be checked by implementing Exhaust Gas Recirculation. Furthermore‚ the amount of NOx in the exhaust gases may also be reduced using catalytic converters or SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) technique. EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION (EGR) EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine ’s exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. This inert exhaust reduces the mass of combustible material in the
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vehicles‚ we suggest installing a 3-way catalytic converter‚ which can oxidize carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide 2CO + O2 ---> 2CO2‚ unburnt hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide and water CxH2x+2 + (3x+1)/2 O2 ---> xCO2 + (x+1) H2O and reduce nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen 2NOx ---﹥N2 ＋ xO2. Nevertheless‚ the catalytic converter cannot be used on leaded petrol vehicles because Lead will poison the catalyst such as Platinum inside the converter. Indeed‚ there are more possible solutions to
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCES EPA 400-F-92-007 Automobile Emissions: An Overview Cars and Pollution Emissions from an individual car are generally low‚ relative to the smokestack image many people associate with air pollution. But in numerous cities across the country‚ the personal automobile is the single greatest polluter‚ as emissions from millions of vehicles on the road add up. Driving a private car is probably a typical citizen’s most “polluting” daily
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N EW JCB 3DX MOST FUEL EFFICIENT BACKHOE LOADER ON EARTH STATIC DIMENSIONS PERFORMANCE DIMENSIONS STATIC DIMENSIONS A Overall length B Wheelbase D Minimum ground clearance E Slew ground clearance G Height to top of cab H Overall height J Track width - Rear 5.90 m 2.17 m 0.36 m 0.53 m 2.87 m 3.61 m 1.73 m 1.86 m 2.35 m EXCAVATOR PERFORMANCE A Max. dig depth B Reach-ground level to rear wheel centre C Reach-ground level to slew centre D Reach at full height to slew centre E Side
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norms‚ it was thought that the two-stroke engine will die a natural death. Technological capabilities of the Indian automakers with tremendous R&D work to put 2-stroke engines and they are continuing with their two-stroke models. BS-I Catalytic converters BS-II -Combination of bigger sized catalysts‚ dual catalyst system and secondary air injection as needed to reduce emissions BS-IV BACK TWO – STROKE ENGINE TECHNOLOGY 5 Scenario in 1990 Before 1990 –
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entering the engine. But when information from oxygen sensors are coupled with information from other sources‚ they can be used to indirectly determine the air-to-fuel ratio. Modern spark-ignited combustion engines use oxygen sensors and catalytic converters as part of an attempt by governments working with automakers to reduce exhaust emissions. Information on oxygen concentration is sent to the engine management computer or ECU‚ which adjusts the amount of fuel injected into the engine to compensate
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Control Implementation of an AC/DC Converter with Improved Input Current Distortion Pisit WISUTMETHEEKORN‚ Viboon CHUNKAG Electrical Engineering Department‚King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok‚ Thailand S5010190048@kmutnb.ac.th ‚ vck@kmutnb.ac.th 1 Abstract—This paper presents a digital signal processor based control of an AC/DC converter with nearly unity power factor. Normally‚ the output voltage of a single-phase AC/DC converter comprises a voltage ripple with twice
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Brief Integrative Case 1 Cross-Cultural Conflicts in the Corning–Vitro Joint Venture Vitro is a Mexican glass manufacturer located in Monterrey‚ Mexico. Vitro’s product line concentrates on drinkware but includes dozens of products‚ from automobile windshields to washing machines. Vitro has a long history of successful joint ventures and is globally oriented. Corning Inc. is most famous for its oven-ready glassware; however‚ Corning has diversified into fiber optics‚ environmental products
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Ashok Leyland has been‚ over the last four decades catering to the marine segment‚ as well.From powering fishing vessels for various types of fishing applications‚ like Trawling‚ Purse seining‚ Gilnetting‚ etc‚ they extend to meet customer specific requirements to power sailing vessels‚ Auxiliary drive-in vessels‚ passenger Launches‚ Ferries‚ Marine generating sets‚ cargo vessels etc. Known for the ruggedness and reliability of these versatile engines‚the company takes pride in having powered
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LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY PAPER PRESENTATION ON WATER BASED EMISSION CONTROL (AQUA SILENCER). SUBMITTED BY INDEX: 1. Abstract. 2. Introduction. 3. Components and Explanation. 4. Construction. 5. Working. 6. Effect of Dissolved Gases on Water. 7. Merits and Demerits. 8. Scope of the Project. ABSTRACT: An Aqua Silencer is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise in automobile exhaust. By
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