Stakeholder For other uses‚ see Stakeholder. Internal and external stakeholders of a company A corporate stakeholder is a party that can affect or be affected by the actions of the business as a whole. The stakeholder concept was first used in a 1963 internal memorandum at the Stanford Research institute. It defined stakeholders as "those groups without whose support the organization would cease to exist."[1] The theory was later developed and championed by R. Edward Freeman in the 1980s
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External Validity In dealing with the statement‚ “It is not possible to know whether a research finding will generalize to all populations of individuals.” behavioral scientists would like to use every possible variation of an independent variable‚ however‚ in most cases‚ it is not feasible. The cost and time would become too extravagant; (www.experiment-resources.com) therefore a group would be chosen to reflect the whole population. For example‚ if a researcher were conducting a
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never thought about what happens if a competitor gets their hands on a module after it’s sold and “reverse engineers” it). Sam makes the following agreement with his engineers (he’s a good guy and wants to keep them happy): “You perform a make-buy analysis for the circuit boards and‚ if the cost of in-house production is at least 5% less than cost of procuring them from one of our proven suppliers‚ we’ll produce them in-house.” The engineers prepare a specification that‚ while not revealing
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Describe factors Caledonia must consider if they were doing a lease versus buy Sense Caledonia is thinking of introducing a new product‚ the company must decide whether to lease or buy. Caledonia is in the 34 percent marginal tax bracket with a 15 percent required rate of return on cost of capital‚ the new project being a fad will only be a for five years. When deciding to lease‚ Caledonia must consider how reducing out of pocket cost could benefit the company. Though leasing would mean they do
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cost more then their house (Bauldings‚ 2004). Lease Versus Buying Obviously in today ’s financial world there are numerous options to consider when making this financial decision. Essentially the decision you want to make is based on what is the best way to finance this purchase that meets your particular needs. It is also important to differentiate between acquiring business or personal assets (Bauldings‚ 2004). In either case the fundamental issues are pay cash‚ finance at a bank or some other
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English I: Lord of the Flies Static and Dynamic Characters Static Character: A character in a literary work who does not change during the course of the story. Dynamic Character: A character who changes during the course of a literary work. The changes dynamic characters undergo affect their attitudes and beliefs. Directions: Looking back over the first five chapters of Lord of the Flies‚ find at least one quotation in each chapter that gives an indication of that character’s personality
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Methodologies and Research Design 18: Research Design IV: External Validity and Sampling Objectives • to unpack different types of external validity • to describe crucial issues in sampling - precision vs. representativeness vs. cost - probability vs. non-probability / ’judgement ’ • to describe stages in the process of sampling‚ and the possible intrusion of ‘bias’ • to describe methods of probability sampling and methods of non-probability sampling • to be able
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External Analysis 1. PESTLE Factors Political and Legal· Government has high work efficiency‚ justice and transparency.· Company or individual have low tax rate easy to calculate.· Government supports the development of industry and commerce. | Economic·Hong Kong is the world’s 11th trading powers and 2nd stock market in Asia.·One of the most free trade port and open investment policy. It is the only one RMB offshore market.·Over-estimation of the number of visitors.·Loss $46 million in the
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to the investors. Why companies buyback? * Unused Cash: If they have huge cash reserves with not many new profitable projects to invest in and if the company thinks the market price of its share is undervalued. Eg. Bajaj Auto went on a massive buy back in 2000 and Reliance’s recent buyback. However‚ companies in emerging markets like India have growth opportunities. Therefore applying this argument to these companies is not logical. This argument is valid for MNCs‚ which already have adequate
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International Business Review 19 (2010) 119–125 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Business Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ibusrev International business‚ corporate social responsibility and sustainable development Ans Kolk a‚*‚ Rob van Tulder b‚1 a b University of Amsterdam Business School‚ Plantage Muidergracht 12‚ 1018 TV Amsterdam‚ The Netherlands RSM Erasmus University Rotterdam‚ Burgemeester Oudlaan 50‚ 3062 PA Rotterdam‚ The Netherlands
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