Chapter 158 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 158-1 a. The optimal distribution policy is one that strikes a balance between dividend yield and capital gains so that the firm’s stock price is maximized. b. The dividend irrelevance theory holds that dividend policy has no effect on either the price of a firm’s stock or its cost of capital. The principal proponents of this view are Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM). They
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The process of making goods available to the consumer needs effective channel of distribution. Therefore‚ the path taken by the goods in its movement is termed as channel of distribution. The goods may be sent to the consumer directly or indirectly through middlemen. The channel of distribution may be classified as: Selling through direct channels This is the oldest‚ shorter and the simple channel of distribution. The producer sells the product directly without involvement of any middle man.
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Physical distribution is a term used to describe the methods and means by which a product or a group of products are physically transferred‚ or distributed‚ from their point of production to the point at which they are made available to the final customer.(Rushton at el 2010) In other words is the set of activities concerned with efficient movement of finished goods from the end of the production operation to the consumer. Physical distribution takes place within numerous wholesaling and retailing
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Mathematics): Survival distributions Age-at-death random variable T0 – age-at-death (lifetime for newborn) random variable To completely determine the distribution of T0 ‚ we may use (for t ≥ 0)‚ (1) (cumulative) distribution function: F0 (t) = Pr(T0 ≤ t) (2) survival function: s0 (t) = 1 − F0 (t) = Pr(T0 > t) (3) probability density function: f0 (t) = F0 (t) = (4) force of mortality: µ0 (t) = d F0 (t) dt f0 (t) −s0 (t) = 1 − F0 (t) s0 (t) Requirements: (1) For distribution function‚
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Product distribution (or place) is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. An organization or set of organizations (go-betweens) involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user. The other three parts of the marketing mix are product‚ pricing‚ and promotion. The distribution channel Distribution is also a very important component of Logistics & Supply chain management. Distribution in supply chain management refers to
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MODEL CONTRACTS FOR SMALL FIRMS LEGAL GUIDANCE FOR DOING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS © International Trade Centre‚ August 2010 Model Contracts for Small Firms: International Distribution of Goods Contents Foreword Acknowledgements Introduction Chapter 1 International Contractual Alliance Introduction ITC Model Contract for an International Contractual Alliance Chapter 2 International Corporate Joint Venture Introduction ITC Model Contract for an International Corporate
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Distribution of Income • The fifth macroeconomical goals to ensure that income distribution is equitable. Equitable means fair‚ but fairness is an elusive concept and it means different things to different people. • A more equitable distribution may help to accelerate growth and promote human and economic development in many ways: • The propensity to consume of the poor is higher than that of the rich so redistribution will increase aggregate demand especially for basic goods and services.
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1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION Diabetes mellitus‚ often simply referred to as diabetes‚ is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar‚ either because the body does not produce enough insulin‚ or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced. It is a serious‚ lifelong condition. The three main types of diabetes are: Type 1 diabetes results from the body’s failure to produce insulin‚ and presently requires the person to inject insulin. Type 2 diabetes
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A Study of Effectiveness of Channel Distribution in Best Cotton Mill PVT‚ Ltd -Tirupur. DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL If managed properly‚ distributors provide access to customers that can determine a supplier’s reach‚ revenue‚ and long-term growth potential. Companies with productive channel relationships stand to increase sales‚ reduce operating costs‚ and improve customer reach. Importantly‚ effective distribution channel management delivers benefits to all players in the value chain
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http://www.eurojournals.com/finance.htm Stability of Beta over Market Phases: An Empirical Study on Indian Stock Market Koustubh Kanti Ray Assistant Professor‚ Financial Management at Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM)‚ Bhopal‚ India. E-mail: raykk@iifm.ac.in Abstract The significant role played by beta in diverse aspects of financial decision making has forced people from small investors to investment bankers to rethink on beta in the era of globalization. In the present changing
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