ENTRY MODES The choice of entry mode can be based on the expected contribution to profit. Choosing the right market entry mode(s) is one of the most decisive factors that can influence company’s success in a foreign market. Export modes 1In establishing export channels Carlsberg has to decide which functions will be the responsibility of external agents and which will be handled by the firm itself. While export channels may take many different forms‚ for the purpose of simplicity three major
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Prepared for The Journal of Applied Corporate Finance Vol. 15‚ No. 1‚ 2002 How do CFOs make capital budgeting and capital structure decisions?1 John R. Graham Associate Professor of Finance‚ Fuqua School of Business‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ NC 27708 USA Campbell R. Harvey Professor of Finance‚ Fuqua School of Business‚ Duke University‚ Durham‚ NC 27708 USA National Bureau of Economic Research‚ Cambridge‚ MA 02912 USA March 8‚ 2002 1A longer and more detailed version of this paper is published
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GLOBALIZING THE COST OF CAPITAL AND CAPITAL BUDGETING AT AES 1. How would you evaluate the capital budgeting method used historically by AES? 2. If you implemented the methodology suggested by Venerus‚ what would be the range of discount rates one would use around the world? 3. Does this make sense as a way to do capital budgeting? 4. How big a value difference does this new approach make to the Pakistan project? 5. How do these cost of capital modifications translate into changed probabilities
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CHAPTER 18 VALUATION AND CAPITAL BUDGETING FOR THE LEVERED FIRM Answers to Concepts Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1. APV is equal to the NPV of the project (i.e. the value of the project for an unlevered firm) plus the NPV of financing side effects. 2. The WACC is based on a target debt level while the APV is based on the amount of debt. 3. FTE uses levered cash flow and other methods use unlevered cash flow. 4. The WACC method does not explicitly include the interest cash
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Week 9 Assignment 2 Submission Assignment 2: Capital Budgeting Futronics‚ Inc. $2 billion company‚ reducing costs and corporate overhead to use outside vendor resources. Initial investment costs $1 billion. There is 0 salvage value and cost of capital at 8%. Yield cash flows $450‚000 year 1 $350‚000 year 2 $300‚000 year 3 $250‚000 year 4 Internal rate of return Average net return = (450‚000 + 350‚000 + 300‚000 + 250‚000)/4= 1‚350‚000/4 = 337‚500 Average investment = (Investment at beginning
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few people have great charisma‚ this leads logically to the conclusion that few people can provide leadership‚ which gets us into increasing trouble. Management is a set of well-known processes‚ like planning‚ budgeting‚ structuring jobs‚ staffing jobs‚ measuring performance and problem-solving‚ which help an organization to predictably do what it knows how to do well. Management helps you to produce products and services as you have promised‚ of consistent quality‚ on budget. So‚ management is
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9-204-109 REV: OCTOBER 23‚ 2006 MIHIR DESAI Globalizing the Cost of Capital and Capital Budgeting at AES In June 2003‚ Rob Venerus‚ director of the newly created Corporate Analysis & Planning group at The AES Corporation‚ thumbed through the five-inch stack of financial results from subsidiaries and considered the breadth and scale of AES. In the 12 years since it had gone public‚ AES had become a leading independent supplier of electricity in the world with more than $33 billion in assets
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6.5 Step 1: Pick a friend or family member to be the character of your word problem. This friend or family member may do one of the following: * Drive a boat * Drive a jet ski Step 2: Select a current speed of the water in mph. Step 3: Select the number of hours (be reasonable please) that your friend or family member drove the boat or jets ski against the current speed you chose in step 2. Step 4: Select the number of hours that your friend or family member made the same trip
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Capital Budgeting Methods for Corporate Project Selection In a 2001 Graham and Harvey survey of 392 chief financial officers (CFOs) asked “how frequently they used different capital budgeting methods?” Approximately 75% of the CFOs replied that they use net present value (NPV) or Internal Rate of Return (IRR) always or almost always (Smart‚ Megginson & Gitman‚ 2004‚ pg. 251). Projects are viewed as capital investments in the corporate world‚ and as such‚ are evaluated closely for their possible
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ZERO BASED BUDGETING AT THE HEART OF PUBLIC SERVICES The 2007 Comprehensive Spending Review will include a set of zero-based reviews of baseline expenditure in Government departments‚ aimed at assessing their effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives‚ and contributing further to the Efficiency Programme. Departments will need to identify elements of their DEL for these reviews. This note is intended to provide an introduction to the zerobased concept. Zero Based Budgeting
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