.. Dermatology Skin Structure and Functions UPACE‚ Open U ARTS4003BP I Skin Structure • Epidermis The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. It forms the protective covering of the skin of the body‚ It contains no blood vessels‚ but has many small nerve endings. The epidermis contains the following layers: Stratum Corneum‚ Stratum Lucidum‚ Stratum Granulosum ‚ Stratum Spinosum and Stratum Germinativum. Dermis Dermis is the underlying‚ or inner layer of the skin‚ It is highly senSitive
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Chapter 1 Cardiovascular Disorders I. Normal cardiac anatomy‚ physiology‚ and function A. Cardiac and coronary artery anatomy (see Figure 1-1) The left anterior descending artery is the most common site of coronary artery occlusion. B. Cardiac cycle (see Figure 1-2) In 10% of patients‚ the posterior descending artery derives from the left coronary artery. C. Cardiac output (CO) 1. Heart rate (HR) a. Number of cardiac contractions per unit time; commonly expressed as beats per minute (bpm)
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About Chinese medicine (Pien Tze Huang) In 1555‚ during the Ming dynasty imperial Zong Shi‚ a royal physician fled to the city of Zhangzhou (Fujian province) because it is not satisfied with the emperor was very cruel. The physician was settled in a temple located in the East Pushan under Zhangzhou City as a monk. He witnessed the suffering and misery of the people due to incurable disease so that he felt compelled to provide aid to all residents. By using a secret potion from the palace‚ he finally
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Gastroscopy/gastroduodenoscopy EGD ERCP Esophageal Motility Studies ENDOSCOPIC TESTS (cont’d) Colonoscopy Proctoscopy Sigmoidoscopy Laboratory Tests Gastric Analysis CBC PT (prothrombin time) INR PTT (partial thromboplastin time) Bilirubin Blood proteins Alkaline Phosphatase LDH GGT AST ALT Cholesterol & Triglycerides Amylase CEA Nursing Assessment Chief complaint Past Medical history Family history Review of systems/PE Evaluation of diagnostic data Abnormal Assessment
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Case Study 23 1. Identify the four most important things to include in your assessment. Determine a previous history (Hx) of pneumonia Obtain complete VS with SaO2 on room air. Perform a full physical assessment‚ especially a cardiovascular and pulmonary system Identify the quality and presence pain upon cough‚ color and quantity of sputum 2. Which of these assessment findings concern you? State your rationale. C.K.’s blood pressure‚ pulse‚ respirations‚ and temperature are elevated; SaO2 84% RA
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More American women are breastfeeding their babies‚ according to a study released by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). From 2000 to 2008‚ the percentage of new mothers who breastfed their newborns rose from 70.3 percent to 74.6 percent. Although that’s only a 4.2 increase‚ it’s still a good sign. Also encouraging is the 9.9 percent rise in the number of American women who were breastfeeding at six months and the 7.4 percent rise in the number of who were breastfeeding at 12
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Who is affected by hearing loss? Hearing loss is the most common physical disability in the whole wide world. In the United States alone‚ about 28 million people have some level of hearing impairment that interferes with their ability to understand normal speech and participate in conversations. Another 2 million cannot hear at all. Age is the most common factor in increasing hearing loss. About 30 percent of people between 65 and 74 experience some difficulty in hearing. That percentage and the
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2.1. Test article Carmoisine also known as E122 or Food Red 3‚ Brillant carmoisine O‚ Azorubin S‚ Acid Red 14‚ CAS No. 3567-69-9 or C.I. 14720‚ is a di sodium salt of disulfonates of 2-(2 quinolyl) – 1‚ 3 indandione and is obtained as red to maroon colour powder (Fig. 1). Dye content in the substance is 88%‚ sodium chloride/sulphate is less than 12%‚ water insoluble matter less than 0.2%‚ Arsenic less than 1 ppm‚ lead less than 0.01 ppm‚ heavy metals less than 40 ppm. Carmoisine was certified by
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Excretion • Removal of nitrogenous wastes from the body Nitrogenous wastes • Ammonia o Most toxic o Needs more water for getting excreted o Diffuses across general body surfaces o Examples of organisms excreting ammonia: fishes‚ aquatic amphibians and aquatic insects o Such organisms are called ammonotelic. • Urea o Less toxic o Requires less water for excretion o Terrestrial adaptation for conservation of water o Ammonia Urea o Examples of organisms excreting urea: terrestrial amphibians
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MICROBIOLOGY SECTION The microbiology section aims at studying yu ailments and diseases from the isolation of suspected causative organisms. The processes involved in the isolation of these organisms include; culturing‚ staining‚ microscopy and sensitivity tests. Samples collected for examination include; stool‚ blood‚ sputum‚ urine‚ vaginal swab‚ wound swab and wound biopsy. Bacterial Culturing and sensitivity Cultures are carried out to isolate suspected organisms from a sample. There are different
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