accessory NEF protein in HIV infection Kanokporn Tangthamvanich Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago [Word count: 895] The role of the accessory NEF protein in HIV infection In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection‚ there is one essential virulence protein‚ the Nef protein‚ which is identified as a negative factor due to it having a negative effect on viral replication (1). It performs critical functions in the host during the viral life cycle. The Nef protein is only
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Isolation of Caffeine in Tea Introduction Today’s world is addicted to coffee and tea for an easy wake up. Both contain caffeine‚ a drug known for its stimulant properties. Tea‚ by weight‚ contains approximately 2-4% caffeine‚ and the average cup of tea has anywhere from 40 to 120 mg of caffeine (Landgrebe‚ 327; Mayo Clinic Staff). According to the American Heart Association‚ caffeine not only stimulates the brain and nervous system‚ but it releases fatty acids from adipose tissue‚ and affects
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Isolation of Bacteria in our Physical Environment Introduction: The purpose of the lab is to apply what has been learned so far in Microbiology‚ and use it to collect and examine microbial species from the physical environment. The physical environment around the lab will be utilized to find out the variety of different microbial species growing in and around the lab. This investigation will help in preparation for the individual projects that will be done at the end of the semester. Materials
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Question 5: The chromophore in this assay is Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye. Question 6: It is important to set up a blank to separate the solute (saline) from the protein (stock). By subtracting the absorbance of the blank (which has no protein present) from the original absorbance the absorbance of the protein at each concentration will remain. Question 7: The Lowry method relies on two different reactions. The first is the formation of a copper ion complex with amide bonds‚ forming reduced
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Why are proteins important? Proteins can easily be addressed as one of the most important molecules in animal cells. There are many varieties of protein molecules which allow a vast range of biological activities in the cell.( Williams‚ G.(2000))’Proteins are big compound with large molecular masses’’(Williams‚ G.(2000)) whose main chemical constituents are hydrogen‚ carbon ‚oxygen and nitrogen. A protein structure consists of a specific sequence of amino acids called the
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Estimation of protein concentration Introduction Protein assays are designed to measure the total protein in a solution. Protein assays are quantitative if the protein to be assayed is available in sufficient quantity such that one is able to use it to create a standard curve. If this cannot be achieved‚ then a standard protein‚ such as albumin‚ may be used for a standard curve with the understanding that the results on the unknown protein are semi-quantitative. Since most proteins are not available
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A protein is a Biological polymer made up of as different amino acids joined by peptide bonds. A protein is formed by amino acids which are the basic building block of a protein components of an amino acid include a :C-carbon atom‚ H-Hydrogen atom‚ H3N+ - Amino Group‚ COOH- - Carboxyl Group‚ R- this group varies from amino acid to amino acid. There are 20 amino acids‚ each differing in its R group. Two examples are: Glycine‚ its R group being H(Hydrogen) and Phenylalanine its R group being CH2 (Carbon
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Protein Article Research Sara Langrell December 15‚ 2011 Nutrition SCI/241 Dr. Venessa Lee Abstract: Athletes have been searching for years for a way to reduce the amount of recovery time between work outs. Based on this issue there has been quite a lot of research conducted to find out what can be done‚ if anything‚ to either reduce or eliminate recovery time. One of the theories is to increase protein intake above the daily recommended amount‚ thereby providing the body with additional
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Chapter 4--The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Exhibit 4A The following question(s) refer to this peptide: Cys-Ala-Gly-Arg-Gln-Met Refer to Exhibit 4A. Total hydrolysis of the peptide in HCl would yield these products: A. Ala‚ Arg‚ Cys‚ Gln‚ Gly‚ Met B. Ala‚ Arg‚ 2 Cys‚ Gln‚ Gly‚ H2S C. Ala‚ Arg‚ Cys‚ Glu‚ Gly‚ Met‚ NH3 D. Ala‚ Arg‚ 2 Cys‚ Glu‚ Gly‚ H2S‚ NH3 E. None of these answers is
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the ideal body weight. A perfect choice of foods and the exact post workout protein can be a perfect combination in keeping a healthy torso. It is very important to choose the right kind of foods to provide the body with the required energy. The foods that an individual must ingest following an exercise are definitely distinctive than the food being consumed on a regular basis. Ingesting foods and a post workout protein is crucial because the body is reduced with the essential vitamins and
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