PREPARATION OF BIODIESEL FROM WASTE COOKING OIL In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical Engineering Submitted by Ritesh Shukla Pankaj Singh Bais Ciby Ninan Ankush Deshmukh Under the guidance of Prof. SUSHANT S. SATPUTALEY (Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering) Academic Year 2010-11 Department of Mechanical Engineering ST. VINCENT
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BIODIESEL INCORPORATED Summary Josh‚ Long and Hammond came up with a business idea of manufacturing and distributing biodiesel. The major generation sources‚ petroleum‚ coal‚ natural gas aand nuclear are non renewable resources and have detrimental effects on the environment. The petrochemical fuel industry manifest itself in the form of oil fields and reserves‚ pipelines‚ transport ships‚ and fuelling stations. The whole idea behind the biodiesel was that it can be produced again and it did not
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DEFINITION OF COCONUT The coconut tree (Cocos nucifera)‚ is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family). It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos.[2] The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm‚ the seed‚ or the fruit‚ which‚ botanically‚ is a drupe‚ not a nut. The spelling cocoanut is an archaic form of the word.[3] The term is derived from 16th-century Portuguese and Spanish coco‚ meaning "head" or "skull"‚[4] from the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble
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2 History of biodiesel around the world 2-3 History of biodiesel in Malaysia 4 Biodiesel in Malaysia 5-7 Disadvantages of biodiesel in Malaysia 8 Advantages of biodiesel in Malaysia
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Coconut- Tree of Life The Coconut Tree (Cocos Nucifera L.) is called "The Tree of Life" because of the endless list of products and by-products derived from its various parts. Food‚ shelter‚ fuel - name it‚ the coconut has it. The coconut industry is considered a major dollar earner that provides livelihood to one-third of the country’s population. Coconut Meat From coco meat can be obtained coco flour‚ desiccated coconut‚ coconut milk‚ coconut chips‚ candies‚ bukayo or local sweetened shredded coconut
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IMPORTANCE OF BIODIESEL The world’s accessible oil reservoirs are gradually depleting due to a burgeoning demand of fossil fuels. Owing to the enormous dependency of transport vehicles running on gasoline engines‚ the development of bio-gasoline may well reduce the dependence of the fuel market on fossil fuels. Biofuel development has gained the attention of researchers in recent years owing to the rate of depletion of fossil fuels. Several processes are currently employed in the conventional
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land degradation. Juboken is focused mainly on production‚ whereas CocoTech is focused on execution of various bio-engineering projects and marketing (both retail and export). The company operates with subcontracting and sister companies in the coconut producing areas all around the country. CocoTech buys products from outside the Bicol region occasionally‚ but preferably buying of products from the Bicol region for reasons of quality control‚ logistics and efficiency. Through the company’s marketing
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Theory: In the production of biodiesel from cooking oils (glycerides) and methanol are combined with sodium hydroxide as a catalyst. This causes the oils to break apart and reaction of the oils with the methanol. As seen in Figure 1‚ this produces biodiesel (in the form of esters) and glycerol. Figure 1: The production of biodiesel (esters) from glyceride (cooking oils) and an alcohol (methanol). In combustion‚ a substance can be completely or incompletely combusted. In complete combustion‚
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The coconut industry contributed 6% (about US $31.1M) to Jamaica’s Gross Domestic Product in 1995. In 1996 output from the industry was expected to increased to US $32.3M. The coconut industry provides employment for some 35‚000 people in Jamaica. At the end of 1994 there were approximately 8500 registered coconut farmers (each having at least 100 coconut trees). The total area under production in December 1993 was 15‚957 ha.‚ about 13‚202 ha. with trees bearing nuts. These figures represent
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Heritage- defined as anything of value from the past that provides identity to the present and inspires the future generation Tourism- travel for recreational leisure or business purposes Heritage Tourism- the national trust for Historic Preservation in the United States defines heritage tourism as “travelling to experience the places and activities that authentically represent the stories and people of the past I. Arts II. A. Philippine Visual Arts. Pottery- combines design and function
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