with notes on the ecology of rain forest species. Journal of East African Natural History 88:17-24. Clausnitzer‚ V.‚ 2003. Dragonfly communities in coastal habitats of Kenya: indication of biotope quality and the need of conservation measures. Biodiversity and Conservation 12: 333- 356. Clark‚ TE; Samways‚ MJ. 1996. Dragonflies (Odonata) as indicators of biotope quality in the Kruger National Park‚ South Africa. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY 33: 1001- 1012. CORBET‚ P. S.‚ 1962: A Biology of Dragonflies
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INTRODUCTION In the phase of globalization the question of livelihood has captured all the points of discussion. Various people have defined livelihood differently. Chambers and Conway (1992) define “A livelihood comprises the abilities‚ assets (stores‚ resources‚ claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks‚ maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets‚ and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities
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agriculture 250‚000 tourists visit the area annually Biodiversity‚ or biological diversity‚ is a term coined to describe the immense variety and richness of life on this planet. Biodiversity includes not only the many species that exist‚ but also the diversity of populations that make up a species‚ the genetic diversity among individual life forms‚ and the many different habitats and ecosystems around the globe. The use of the term biodiversity grew out of a concern that efforts were needed to conserve
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deforestation (Nickerson‚ 2003). These issues have a detrimental effect on more than a handful of species and ultimately cause a reduction in biodiversity due to habitat loss. Biodiversity is important environmentally‚ socially and economically (Lancaster‚ 2013). To tackle this current problem‚ methods of conservation are key for the success of increasing biodiversity. As defined by the World Association of Zoos and Aquarium Conservation Strategy (WAZACS)‚ conservation is the securing of long-term population
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A choice experiment is a stated preference method based on demand‚ welfare and consumer theory (Lancaster‚ 1966) and random utility model (RUM) developed by McFadden (1974). It was first developed for marketing and transportation related studies‚ but used extensively in the valuation of environmental amenities (Bennett and Blamey‚ 2001). It allows the valuation of changes in welfare‚ or policies relating to their level of provision. In CE‚ sets of choices made up of alternative outcomes are based
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dunes vegetation is allowed to reach climatic climax continuing to Oak Woodland‚ this occurs in Ainsdale upon Sefton Coast. This human factor allows the physical factor of succession to take place with the area reaching Oak Woodland allows further biodiversity and creates many more habitats for a variety of species but also benefits humans directly by providing protection to housing properties and other infrastructure from the
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cover approximately thirty percent of the earth’s land area‚ around 2.5 million square miles‚ the size of the lower 48 states‚ despite the fact 80‚000 acres (32‚000) hectares are destroyed per day for economic reasons. Tropical rainforests are biodiversity hotspots. Rainforests are carbon sinks absorbing about half the carbon dioxide humans release into the atmosphere. Continued deforestation will affect the entire world with the ecological ramifications of species extinction‚ loss of carbon sinks
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preservation and the educating of the populace are becoming progressively more important in today’s society and for the protection of ecosystems. Ecosystems such as the Amazon basin with its rich biodiversity including swamps‚ mangroves‚ forests and savannah and coral reefs with their large biodiversity of fish species are under threat from development and are shrinking rapidly. Preservation of ecosystems is important as an insurance to keep the Earth suitable for human occupancy and is more valuable
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Undoubtedly‚ a current evolution we are witnessing today can be seen with close observation to the red-shouldered insects called Jadera haematoloma- or more commonly known as the “soapberry bugs” (Soapberry Bugs Of The World‚ n.d.). There are currently 65 known species of the soapberry bug and they are known to be found regionally around the world‚ typically located on their native host‚ the balloon vine plant (Cardiospermum corindum) (Soapberry Bugs Of The World‚ n.d.). However‚ the current situation
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The species richness is when we talk about the actual number of species in a community. For example‚ if you go to a bottom ground forest you might see only sugar maple. Therefore‚ the species richness is only 1. Shannon Index measures species diversity too‚ but takes into account species evenness. Species evenness is when the relative abundance of the species in that community are more similar to each other. So by knowing that you have more similar species‚ this allows you to more accurately determine
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