calcified‚ whitish structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of manyvertebrates and used to break down food. * TONGUE - a muscular hydrostat on the floors of themouths of most vertebrateswhich manipulates food formastication. * PLAQUE - a biofilm (formed by colonizing bacteria trying to attach themselves to the tooth’s smooth surface.)‚ usually a pale yellow‚ that develops naturally on the teeth. * GUM - The firm connective tissue covered by mucous membrane that envelops the alveolar
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Sewage treatment The objective of sewage treatment is to produce a disposable effluent without causing harm to the surrounding environment and prevent pollution.[1] Sewage treatment‚ or domestic wastewater treatment‚ is the process of removing contaminants from wastewater and household sewage‚ both runoff (effluents) and domestic. It includes physical‚ chemical‚ and biological processes to remove physical‚ chemical and biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally-safe
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Foundations in MicrobiologySeventh Edition 13.1 We Are Not Alone The human body exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium Many interactions between human body and microorganisms involve the development of biofilms Colonization of the body involves a constant “give and take” Contact‚ Colonization‚ Infection‚ Disease Microbes that engage in mutual or commensal associations – normal (resident) flora ‚ indigenous flora‚ microbiota Infection – a condition in which pathogenic microbes penetrate
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Study Guide 4 CH. 21 Genomics – the study of whole sets of genes and their interactions. Bioinformatics – is the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data Linkage Map – maps the location of several thousand genetic markers on each chromosome Physical Map – Expresses the distance between genetic markers‚ usually as the number of base pairs along the DNA Metagenomics – DNA from a group of species (a metagenome) is collected from an environmental
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Chapter 1. Microbiology – Diversity of Organisms Microorganisms- too small to be seen with the unaided eye “germ”- rapidly growing cell Microbes in our lives Pathogenic- disease causing Decompose organic waste Producers in ecosystem (photosynthesis) Produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone Produce fermented foods ( vinegar‚ cheese‚ bread) Produce products used in manufacturing (cellulose) and treatment (insulin) Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes? Stone washing- Tricoderma
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BIOSENSORS ADVANCED BIOREPORTER TECHNOLOGIES FOR TARGETED SENSING OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AGENTS Steven Ripp and Gary S. Sayler Introduction Bioreporters refer to intact‚ living microbial cells that have been genetically engineered to produce a measurable signal in response to a specific chemical or physical agent in their environment (Figure 1). Bioreporters contain two essential genetic elements‚ a promoter gene and a reporter gene. The promoter gene is turned on (transcribed) when the
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Delhi Jal Board-Summer Training Report 2012 1 Delhi Jal Board-Summer Training Report 2012 Introduction Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It comprises liquid waste discharged by domestic residences‚ commercial properties‚ industry‚ and/or agriculture and can encompass a wide range of potential contaminants and concentrations. In the most common usage‚ it refers to the municipal wastewater that contains a broad spectrum of contaminants
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Review Motivational Interviewing in improving oral hygiene behaviora review of literature with possible application in Periodontics H. Esther Nalini1‚ Punithavathy. R2 Abstract: Success in periodontal therapy is highly dependent upon the ability and willingness of the patient to maintain a good oral hygiene. There is a great need to increase the patient’s adherence to oral hygiene instructions‚ which requires changes in the patient’s behavior particularly to improve the long-term treatment success
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From pediatric patients to geriatric patients‚ respiratory diseases and disorders can affect a variety of patients. Many of which cause lower respiratory rates and drug interactions that can compromise routine dental treatment and even elicit medical emergencies. A hygienist should not only have the knowledge to treat a respiratory emergency but also how to prevent one. Respiratory diseases can be divided into upper and lower respiratory diseases‚ some requiring more precautions than others. It is
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through the catheter to a drainage bag‚ where it accumulates until it is emptied (Smeltzer‚ 2010). Problem An indwelling catheter can cause problems by irritating the mucosa of the bladder and allowing a medium for the growth of a bacterial biofilm (Redd‚ 2012). This increases the risk for a patient to develop a
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