Evolutionary (Darwinian) Medicine “Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” –Theodosius Dobzhansky Proximate vs. Ultimate Questions Biological causation: proximate vs. ultimate explanations Physiology‚ genetics‚ biochemistry‚ etc. generally concentrate on * proximate causation “What” & “How” questions Ultimate causation: How evolutionary processes (natural selection; adaptation) and evolutionary history shape traits “Why” questions Traits have both types
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Theory of Evolutionary Psychology PSY 331 Instructor Malish Jan. 11‚ 2012 The Evolutionary theory of learning is a sub- category of the school of Evolutionary psychology. The study of evolutionary psychology focuses on a combination of sciences‚ evolutionary biology and cognitive psychology‚ anthropology‚ and neuroscience. The basic theory seeks to explain‚ through universal mechanisms‚ why humans act and learn the way they do. EP (evolutionary psychology) theorists attempt to reconstruct early
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EVOLUTIONARY THEORY Evolution is the process in which significant changes in the inheritable traits (genetic makeup) of a species occur over time. The validity and value of evolutionary biology are based on continual analysis and interpretation of accumulating science data. THEORIES OF ORGANIC EVOLUTION • Historically three theories • The views of most modern biologists combine the second and third • No evidence of the first theory‚ that of Lamarck LAMARCK: Inherited Acquired Characteristics
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Marx and Mill’s Perspectives on Historical Development They say that history is told from the perspective of the conqueror‚ but for two renowned philosophers‚ history in general was formed because of certain factors. These philosophers are Karl Marx and John Stuart Mill. Karl Marx was a German Philosopher who became famous and controversial for his works on capitalism‚ communism and dialectical historical materialism. A few of his famous writings were the Das Capital and the Communist Manifesto
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Throughout the course of life evolution has taken its place on plants and animals. One of the greatest evolutionary changes was the transition of life in water‚ to the transition to life on land. As you can imagine‚ both organisms had challenges moving from this single cellular water environment to a multi-cellular land environment. While the change was difficult‚ this new environment would help organisms flourish in life‚ giving them the ability to reproduce more freely‚ and eat with less competition
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Principle psychological perspectives Psychology is the study of the brain‚ stemming from the greek word ‘psyche’ meaning the mind‚ and is made up of man different theories and perspectives. Each of these look at the human mind and find different explanations for how it works and how people behave. Some of the key psychological perspectives are; Behaviourist Social Learning Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Biological Behaviourist Theory The behaviourist theory of psychology was founded
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Vgotsky’s Sociocultural Theory Lev Semenovich Vygotsky was born in 1896 in Tsarist‚ Russia to a middle class Jewish family. At that time there were very strict rules on where Jewish people could live‚ work‚ and how many people could be educated. Vygotsky was privately tutored in his younger years and was fortunate enough to be admitted into Moscow University through a Jewish lottery. His parents insisted that he apply for the Medical school but almost immediately upon starting at Moscow University
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Sociocultural Model of Abnormality According to the sociocultural model‚ abnormal behavior is best understood in light of the broad forces that influence an individual (Comer‚ 2015)‚ examining the effects of society and culture. Wherein‚ the sociocultural model is composed of two major perspectives: (a) the family-social perspective which suggests that social labels‚ roles‚ connections‚ supports‚ family structure and communication can greatly influence abnormal functioning‚ and (b) the multicultural
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briefly describe the evolutionary theory in general‚ and specifically as it relates to the study of criminology. I will examine the ways in which natural selection has shaped the processes which motivate human behavior‚ especially in terms of how competing for limited resources and ensuring that one’s genetic code is passed on are linked to aggressive behavior. Two crimes of which I have personal knowledge will be evaluated‚ with emphasis placed on the ways in which evolutionary theory may account
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Historical Perspective Essay s NUR/518 March 3‚ 2014 Jane Cash Historical Perspective Essay The importance of research in nursing is nurses are accepting the need to base specific nursing actions and decisions on research evidence indicating that the actions are clinically appropriate (Polit & Beck‚ 2012). Nursing theorist has paved the way for the nursing profession. Nursing theorists has guided and open the door for research. Some of the earliest theorist has helped evolved and molded
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