and measure the enzyme activity of β-galactosidase in the different concentrations of o-Nitrophenylgalactoside (ONPG) using a spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometer was also set at 420nm‚ a wavelength which is best for recording the absorbance values for the experiment. From the results‚ 0.9mM ONPG solution has the highest absorbance and 0.1mM ONPG solution has the least. Also‚ 0.5mM ONPG solution has the highest rate of enzyme activity and it is the most efficient as the enzyme activity of the
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Title: “The Effect of Substrate Concentration‚ Enzyme Concentration‚ pH and Temperature on Enzyme Activity” Abstract: In the following experiments we will measure precise amounts of potato extract as well as Phenylthiourea‚ combined with or without deionized water and in some instances change the temperature and observe and record the reaction. We will also investigate the different levels of prepared pH on varying samples of the potato extract and the Phenylthiourea and record the results.
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Abstract The objective of this lab was to measure the amount of protein from a piece of beef liver . This was done by taking the liver‚ blending it and then using a centrifuge to separate the supernatant from the pellet. Once that was completed‚ ammonium sulfate was added to the supernatant‚ chilled and then spun for a second time. Next‚ 20 mL of water is added to the pellet‚ stirred and the volume was recorded. The teacher calculated the total mass of liver to be 10.098g. Lastly a spectronic
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Extended experimental investigation: effects on membranes of environmental stress Background It is not possible to observe membranes directly‚ so this investigation is an indirect study of the effects of different substances and treatments on living beetroot cells. Beetroot cells have been chosen for this activity because each beetroot cell has a large central vacuole bounded by a membrane (Figure 1). Contained in the vacuole is the red pigment anthocyanin‚ which gives the beetroot its
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# 49 Diet The food an animal eat everyday is called diet. Most animals need 7 types of nutrients in their diet: carbohydrates‚ proteins‚ fats + water‚ fibre‚ vitamins‚ minerals. The amount of energy needed is provided mainly by our carbohydrate and fat intake. Your dietary requirements depend on your age‚ sex and activity. - Age: The energy demand increases until we stop growing. While children are growing they need more protein per kilogram of body weight than adults do. - Sex: Generally
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Dry Wallum The dry wallum is a harsh environment that is battered by the sun and wind every day and with a base of porous sand; water availability is very scarce and must be conserved. The abiotic factors in the dry wallum are that the area is exposed to high amounts of sunlight which causes a loss of water in the leaves through transpiration. Since the wallum is so dry and hot; bush fires play a major cycle in the dry wallum which the trees have adapted to cope with. The roots of the plant and
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Gas exchange is a biological process that is essential for the survival of an organism. The purpose of this process is to obtain oxygen from the environment (which is necessary for cellular respiration‚ and to dispose of CO2‚ a bi product of respiration. An efficient gas exchange system has 3 requirements. It must have a large surface area over which the gases can diffuse. A large surface area maximises the amount of area available for the gases to exchange. It must also be moist. Oxygen must first
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Survival of the Sickest chapter two concentrates mainly on the disease named diabetes. The full scientific name is actually diabetes mellitus‚ or “passing through honey sweet” Diabetes is an extremely common and well known disease that becomes more and more common every day. The disease is based on sugar is the body‚ or glucose. When your body breaks down carbohydrates‚ it produces glucose‚ and essential sugar for the human body. There is a bodily function in which insulin helps the body use glucose
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Arrangement of Vascular Tissues in Flowering Plants • Xylem and phloem often are grouped together -> vascular bundle • Cambium -> lies in between xylem and phloem -> divide and differentiate -> form new xylem and phloem tissues -> thickening of stem Movement of Substances Into and Within Flowering Plants Entry of Water and Nutrients into Plants • Absorption of water -> root hairs -> grow into close contact with liquid around them • Thin film of liquid surrounding soil
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Virtual Lab: Punnett Squares Worksheet Part I: Answer the following questions: 1. Which of the following is most inclusive? a. allele b. genotype 2. Dominant alleles are represented by: a. an upper case letter b. a lower case letter c. it does not matter what type of letter is used 3. In fruit flies‚ gray body color is dominant over black body color. Using the letter G to represent body color‚ what is the genotype of a heterozygous gray bodied fly? a.
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