SUMMARY The aim is to observe distillation process of ethanol-water solution and to measure the alcohol content after process in this experiment. 500 ml of solution with an alcohol content of 32% (v/v) is used for this experiment. Temperature values are recorded for every 10 ml alcohol obtained in the flask. The process is repeated in our experiment and for the first process‚ the data collection process continues until the distillate reaches to 200 ml. The concentration of alcohol is measured for
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Experiment 3: Preparation and Properties of Soap Objectives: i) To be able to prepare a soap starting with olive oil and animal lard. ii) To examine the chemical properties of the soap that is made. iii) To determine the theoretical yield and experimental yield of soap. Introduction: A soap is a salt of a fatty acid. Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a long unbranced hydrocarbon (aliphatic) chains. It contains at least 12 carbons and a carboxylic acid group. Materials and Apparatus:
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Objective 1. To demonstrate the relationship between the pressure and temperature of saturated steam in equilibrium with water. 2. To determine the vapour pressure curve. Introduction Properties of a fluid can change when heat and work are applied to it. There’s an interchange between the fluid and its surroundings when heat and work are applied according to the study of thermodynamics. Substances such as gases and vapors are often referred as P-V-T substances. Theory: An ideal gas
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Water is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H 2O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at standard ambient temperature and pressure‚ but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state‚ ice‚ and gaseous state‚ steam (water vapor). Water covers 71% of the Earth’s surface.[1] It is vital for all known forms of life. On Earth‚ 96.5% of the planet’s water is found in seas and oceans‚ 1.7% in groundwater‚ 1
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Theories of Biology pg.1 The major theories of biology are evolution of natural selection‚ biological classification‚ inheritance‚ cells‚ bioenergetics‚ homeostasis‚ and ecosystems. Evolution by natural selection is a process that occurs over successive generations. Inheritance is a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations. Cells theory is that all organisms are composed of cells and that all cells come from preexisting
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Unit Biology B1a (Human Biology) Biology Unit Biology B1a (Human Biology) Thursday 1 March 2012 For this paper you must have: a black ball-point pen an objective test answer sheet. You may use a calculator. F&H BLY1AP Morning Session Time allowed 30 minutes Instructions Fill in the boxes at the top of this page. Check that your name‚ candidate number and centre number are printed on the separate answer sheet. Check that the separate answer sheet has the title ‘Biology Unit
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Title: Determination of Water Hardness Using a Titrator Purpose: To become familiar with the concept of water hardness‚ practice a titration technique using a titrator‚ and determine the hardness of the local water supply. Procedure: 1. Gather the test tube holder‚ small stopcock‚ 10-mL syringe (titrator)‚ and 2 thick textbooks and the LabPaq box or 5-6 thick textbooks. 2. Remove the plunger from the titrator and place it back in your LabPaq box. 3. Attach the stopcock to the tip of
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Pond Water Paper DIRECTIONS STYLE TENSE: In all sections of the paper‚ present tense should be used to report background that is already established. For example‚ "The cell membrane is the barrier which separates the inside of the cell from the outside." Use future tense for work that you will do. For example‚ "This experiment will test the hypothesis that some anti-microbial agents can permeate the cell membrane during division to inhibit growth." Use past tense to describe the methods (what
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Marine Biology is the scientific study of organisms that are dependent on water. Marine Biology is an interesting topic to many people because of the exotic animals you get to work with. A career in Marine Biology can be dangerous because of the wild animals‚ but at the same time it can be fun. It takes time‚ training‚ and intelligence to succeed in the career. In order to make it in this Biology field you must complete a college work in oceanography‚ marine biology‚ or conservation. You will
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Level * 2 3 0 8 9 6 9 9 7 3 * BIOLOGY Paper 5 Planning‚ Analysis and Evaluation Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black ink. You may use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. At the end of
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