Study Companion Unit I Biology 109 Fall 2012 Chapter 27: Bacteria and Archaea Information that you should know‚ and questions that you should be able to address. 1. Define the following terms: positive phototaxis‚ negative phototaxis‚ endospore‚ binary fission‚ phototroph‚ chemotroph‚ autotroph‚ heterotroph‚ obligate aerobe‚ facultative anaerobe‚ obligate anaerobe‚ bioremediation 2. 3. What are the two main branches of prokaryotic evolution? What are the components of a prokaryotic cell wall?
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w w w e tr .X m eP e ap .c rs om International General Certificate of Secondary Education CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS BIOLOGY PAPER 1 Multiple Choice 0610/1 OCTOBER/NOVEMBER SESSION 2002 45 minutes Additional materials: Multiple Choice answer sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended) TIME 45 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Do not open this booklet until you are told to do so. Write your name‚ Centre number and candidate number on the answer
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Glycogen is a polymer/polysaccharide that serves as a form of energy storage in animals and fungi and is a primary carbohydrate storage form in animals. Glycogen in humans is made and stored primarily in the cells of the liver and the muscles which functions as the secondary long-term energy. Glycogen is often referred to as animal starch because it is the complement of starch in plants for they have a similar structure to amylopectin but more extensively branched and compact than starch. Glycogen
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The Biology of Mind Neuron Communication Neuron is a nerve cell‚ basic building block our nerve system Neurons consists in: Dendrites : neurons bushy branches and it listens Axons: Tube that passes the messages and it speaks – transmit Action potential : is a neural impulse‚ brief electrical charge that travels down an axon. Threshold: is the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse Myelin Sheath covers an axon and some neurons Synapse : is the junction
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Cellular Energetics Study Guide 1. Overall Metabolism a. Oxidation – a molecule LOSSES hydrogen‚ energy is RELEASED b. Reduction – a molecule GAINS hydrogen‚ energy is GAINED and stored (the more reduced a molecule is‚ the more energy is stored in its COVALENT BONDS) *** Always occur in a coupled pair (RED-OX)*** c. Electron Carriers i. Oxidizing Agents: are REDUCED to OXIDIZE another molecule 1. NAD+ - oxidizes glucose to 2 pyruvate in glycolysis
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the female parent. 2. Highlight the letter of each way to describe a diploid cell. a. 2N b. Contains two sets of homologous chromosomes c. Contains a single set of homologous chromosomes d. A gamete 3. Highlight the letter of the number of chromosomes in a haploid cell where 2n=8 . a. 8 b. 4 c. 2 d. 0 4. Is the following sentence true or false? The diploid cell that enters meiosis becomes 4 haploid cells at the end of meiosis.false 5. How does a tetrad form in prophase I of meiosis
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Number of Cells in Part 1 Number of Cells in Part 2 Interphase 11 9 Prophase 7 4 Metaphase 5 3 Anaphase 9 7 Telophase 4 3 Cytokinesis 2 2 Create a Graph that represents the time spent in each stage of the cell cycle. Stage Time Spent in the 1st stage Time spent in the 2nd stage Interphase 21% 25% Metaphase 13% 7% Anaphase 9% 16% Telophase 19% 18% Cytokinesis 20% 23% 18% 11% Hypothesis After researching‚ I predicted that I would see different numbers of cells (which are
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energy processing‚ and regulation. DNA allows for the properties of life to be maintained and passed from generation to generation Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of chromatin. Chromatin is the complex of DNA and associated proteins that maintaining structure for gene activity and replication. Each single chromosome contains one very long DNA molecule that carries several hundred to a few thousand genes‚ the units that specify an organism’s inherited traits. Cell Cycle: Interphase (G1‚ S‚ G2) and
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Biology Midterm Review Chapter 2- The Chemical Basis of Life 1: Atoms - The smallest functional units of matter that form all chemical substances - Cannot be further broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical or physical means - Each specific type of atom is a chemical element Three Subatomic Particles: - Protons – Positive (+1)‚ found in nucleus‚ same number as electrons - Neutrons – Neutral (0)‚ found in nucleus‚ number can vary - Electrons – Negative (-1)‚ found
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RNA uses uracil instead of the thymine in DNA. DNA replicates itself and RNA is synthesized from RNA on an as-needed basis. Their stability and reaction is also different. DNA is more stable and less reactive than RNA because of the deoxyribose sugar’s C-H bonds. It is stable in alkaline conditions; DNA has smaller grooves‚ which makes it harder for enzymes to “attack.” RNA is more reactive because of the ribose sugar’s C-OH‚ hydroxyl‚ bonds. Unlike DNA‚ it is not stable in alkaline conditions and
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