Cell Biology Exam 1 Notes Lecture 1: Introduction to Cell Biology • Biology is studied at different levels of organization Time Scale • [Figure 1-9] How big is a cell and how big are its parts? • There are important similarities that all cells share; however‚ there are also important differences among various cell types (for example‚ animal cells vs. bacterial cells) • [Figure 3-23] The inside of a cell is loaded (crowded
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Organismal Biology Study Guide for Test # 4 (4 MAY 2005 – Wed) Chapter 34 – Section F – Primates and the Evolution of Homo sapiens Opposable thumb – in primates; but fully opposable only in anthropoid primates Prosimians – example – lemurs Anthropoidea (anthropoids) – includes moneys‚ apes‚ humans Brachiating – swinging through the trees by the arms Overlapping fields of vision (3-D) – advantage for brachiating Old World vs New World monkeys – differences and similarities Know 4 genera
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Cell division in animals: mitosis‚ cytokinesis‚ and the cell cycle. Cell division in animals is a two-step process involving mitosis and cytokinesis and is set up by interphase. Interphase is a growth period for the cell. In the nucleus the chromosomes are duplicated but are not yet distinguishable because they are still a form of chromatin. There is also a nucleoli‚ one or more‚ present producing ribosomes that are sent to the cytoplasm. Mitosis is the division of the nucleus and multiplication
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Every cell in the body goes through a life cycle. Cells grow and divide to replace cells that are lost because of normal wear and tear or injury to them. All cells grow and die at different rates. The cell cycle can be divided into three periods: interphase‚ the mitotic phase‚ and cytokinesis. During interphase‚ the cell grows‚ accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis‚ preparing it for cell division and duplicating its DNA. During the mitotic phase‚ the cell splits itself into two distinct daughter
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3.3 & 7.1 DNA Structure Worksheet 1. Draw and label the structure of a simplified single nucleotide‚ including sugar‚ phosphate and base. 2. Complete the table below to show the pairings of the bases in DNA: Purine | Pyrimidine | Adenine | Thymine | Guanine | Cytosine | 3. Where would one find the base uracil? RNA‚ it replaces thymine 4. In the space below‚ draw a single strand of three nucleotides‚ naming the bonds between them and showing the correct relative position
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Fundamental of Cell Biology A cell is the basic unit of life‚ and all organisms are made up of one or many cells. One of the things that all cells have in common is a plasma membrane‚ it is also called as cell membrane as it is works as a barrier between the inner and outer surface of a cell. In animal cells‚ the plasma membrane is present in the outer most layer of the cell and in plant cell it is present just beneath the cell wall. It separates the contents of the cell from its outside environment
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introns are removed‚ and if there are different amino acids produced during translation in the ribosome‚ then there will be unique proteins created‚ too. This allows there to be more types of proteins in an organism than types of genes in an organism’s genome. Repressor proteins can influence the regulation of protein synthesis by binding to operators (the segments of DNA that act as switches to either allow or prohibit RNA polymerase to create mRNA strands) in an operon. Since repressors block transcription
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“The cells in your body are tiny-a row of about forty would fit into 1mm. But although they are too small to see with the naked eye their complexity is remarkable. A single cell can be thought of as an organised chemical system‚ separated from its disorganised surroundings by a membrane” (Boyle et al 1999) First here is a brief summary of major eukaryotic organelles and their structures. The nucleus is the largest and most prominent organelle in the cell. It is usually spherical and about 10um in
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Some of you have been asking for clarification regarding your optional use of the MSAF‚ the student self-reporting absence form. As you may know‚ this is allowance that you are permitted to use once per term to address temporary illnesses and deadline pressures. The allowance provided is generally five days‚ but faculty are asked to specify how the MSAF is to be applied in their particular course. Here are my guidelines: For all other more serious illnesses and absences‚ you would follow the
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Evolution Evolution- change in a population over time Charles Darwin: A Naturalist (type of biologist) Sailed with an explorer on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Island in 1831 (22 years old) He observed Turtles: On the island they were huge and had to eat food up high (the neck would extend) over time‚ the shell changed. The ones with the short necks died off because of lack of food Published the book: Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection (to beat Wallace) He’s Catholic Owen-
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